Table 2.
Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Health Risks and Risk Behaviors Among 18-24 year olds, Honduras, 2017.
| Unadjusted Models |
Adjusted Modelsa |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Risks and Risk Behaviors | Weighted % (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | p-value | aOR (95 % CI) | p-value | |
| Psychological distress in the past 30 days | No ACEs (n = 585) | 37.0 (31.9, 42.1) | REF | REF | ||
| 1–2 ACEs (n = 1041) | 51.3 (47.8, 54.8) | 1.8* (1.4, 2.3) | <0.0001 | 1.8* (1.4, 2.3) | <0.0001 | |
| 3+ ACEs (n = 1075) | 62.1 (58.8, 65.5) | 2.8* (2.1, 3.7) | <0.0001 | 2.8* (2.1, 3.7) | <0.0001 | |
| Suicide ideation or self-harm | No ACEs (n = 585) | 5.4 (3.1, 7.6) | REF | REF | ||
| 1–2 ACEs (n = 1041) | 10.9 (8.8, 13.1) | 2.2* (1.3, 3.5) | 0.0021 | 2.3* (1.4, 3.7) | 0.0009 | |
| 3+ ACEs (n = 1075) | 26.2 (23.1, 29.3) | 6.3* (3.9, 10.0) | <0.0001 | 6.4* (4.1, 10.2) | <0.0001 | |
| Binge drinking in the past 30 days | No ACEs (n = 585) | 22.7 (15.8, 29.6) | REF | REF | ||
| 1–2 ACEs (n = 1041) | 29.2 (24.4, 34.0) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | 0.1342 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.3) | 0.0928 | |
| 3+ ACEs (n = 1075) | 30.6 (26.2, 35.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.3) | 0.0585 | 1.6* (1.0, 2.5) | 0.0303 | |
| Current smoking | No ACEs (n = 585) | 9.3 (6.1, 12.6) | REF | REF | ||
| 1–2 ACEs (n = 1041) | 14.2 (11.5, 16.9) | 1.6* (1.1, 2.4) | 0.0190 | 1.7* (1.2, 2.5) | 0.0067 | |
| 3+ ACEs (n = 1075) | 15.2 (12.3, 18.2) | 1.7* (1.2, 2.6) | 0.0067 | 1.9* (1.3, 2.9) | 0.0014 | |
| Drug use in the past 30 days | No ACEs (n = 585) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.4) | REF | REF | ||
| 1–2 ACEs (n = 1041) | 2.3 (1.2, 3.5) | 1.9 (0.6, 2.6) | 0.2452 | 2.2 (0.7, 6.8) | 0.1895 | |
| 3+ ACEs (n = 1075) | 4.5 (2.9, 6.0) | 3.7* (1.3, 10.6) | 0.0131 | 4.0* (1.4, 11.9) | 0.0113 | |
| STI | No ACEs (n = 585) | 2.2 (1.0, 3.5) | REF | REF | ||
| 1–2 ACEs (n = 1041) | 2.8 (1.7, 3.9) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.6) | 0.5416 | 1.4 (0.7, 3.0) | 0.3213 | |
| 3+ ACEs (n = 1075) | 7.4 (5.6, 9.3) | 3.5* (1.9, 6.5) | <0.0001 | 3.9* (2.1, 7.5) | <0.0001 | |
| Early pregnancy (before age 18 years) | No ACEs (n = 585) | 34.7 (26.4, 43.0) | REF | REF | ||
| 1–2 ACEs (n = 1041) | 30.8 (26.0, 35.6) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 0.6599 | 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) | 0.2850 | |
| 3+ ACEs (n = 1075) | 36.0 (31.3, 40.7) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.2) | 0.0590 | 1.7* (1.1, 2.5) | 0.0146 | |
Note. OR = odds ratio; aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; STI = Sexually Transmitted Infection.
*
Indicates p < 0.05 for the p value comparing 1–2 ACEs to No ACEs and 3+ ACEs to No ACEs.
a
Adjusted model includes age, food insecurity, and educational attainment.