(A) The relative mRNA expression levels in infiltrating immune cell–enriched cellular population collected from day 1 post-ischemic brains of mice treated with indicated antibody (n = 12 mice for each group), compared to those in sham-operated mice. (B) The relative mRNA expression levels in the day 3 post-ischemic brain tissue (n = 8 mice for each group), compared to those in sham-operated mice. (C) The relative mRNA expression levels in infiltrating immune cell–enriched cellular population collected from day 1 post-ischemic brains of WT or TLR2/4 DKO mice treated with indicated antibody (n = 3 mice for WT and control IgG–administered TLR2/4 DKO mice, n = 4 mice for anti-DJ-1 antibody-administered TLR2/4 DKO mice). n.s., not significant vs. control IgG–administered TLR2/4 DKO mice. (D) The absolute number of CD45highCD11bhigh population (macrophages/neutrophils) collected from the day 3 post-ischemic brain (n = 5 mice for control IgG, n = 6 mice for anti-DJ-1 antibody). n.s., not significant vs. control IgG. (E) Infarct volume of mice treated with indicated antibody on day 7 after stroke onset (n = 13 mice for control IgG, n = 12 mice for anti-DJ-1 antibody). (F) The absolute number of TUNEL-positive neuronal cells in the day 7 post-ischemic peri-infarct area of mice treated with indicated antibody (n = 12 mice for control IgG, n = 10 mice for anti-DJ-1 antibody) (scale bars: 500 μm [E], 100 μm [F]). (G) Neurological deficits of mice treated with each antibody until day 7 after stroke onset. (n = 19 mice for control IgG, n = 18 mice for anti-DJ-1 antibody). n.s., not significant, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs. mice treated with control IgG antibody. (A, B, D–G) (two-sided Student t test [A, B, D–F]. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction [C]. Wilcoxon rank sum test with Bonferroni correction [G]). The data underlying this figure can be found in S1 Data. ANOVA, analysis of variance; DKO, double knockout; IgG, immunoglobulin G; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP-biotin in situ nick end labeling; WT, wild-type.