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. 2021 Apr 19;49(9):5003–5016. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab269

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 6. — HPF1-dependent PARP activation promotes LIG3-XRCC1-mediated backup pathway of Okazaki fragment ligation. In LIG1-depleted egg extracts, the defective Okazaki fragment ligation results in the formation of nicks on the replicating genome. PARP1 binds to DNA at nicks, and ADP-ribosylation of histone H3 and chromatin-binding proteins is induced in PARP1/HPF1-dependent manner. The LIG3/XRCC1 pathway senses the ADP-ribosylation modification and plays an essential role for the Okazaki fragment joining at the late stage of DNA replication.