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. 2021 Apr 20;49(9):4944–4953. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab240

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Spt4/5 and Elf1 inhibit transcriptional bypass of a perfect hairpin. (A) Scheme of the perfect hairpin templates. (B) Spt4/5 and Elf1 inhibit transcriptional bypass of NTS perfect hairpin individually and synergistically. (C) Spt4/5 and Elf1 inhibit transcriptional bypass of TS perfect hairpin individually and synergistically. (D) Spt4/5 and Elf1 stabilize Pol II in a closed conformation. The width of the main channel is about 35 Å. (E) Structure and cartoon of the Spt4/5-Elf1-Pol II complex; PDB ID: 5XON. For simplicity, the downstream nucleosome was omitted. (F) Analysis of the slip-out induced pausing in the structure of Spt4/5-Elf1-Pol II complex. NTS induced Pol II pausing at position 2 is shown as an example to explain how Spt4/5-Elf1 prevents Pol II bypass of the slip-out structures. Data are means ± SEM (n = 3, two-tailed Student’s t-test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).