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Model of the functions of Spt4/5 and Elf1 in transcription of CTG•CAG repeat. In scenario-1, as a transcription elongation facilitator, Spt4/5 or the Spt4/5–Elf1 complex promotes Pol II bypass of the CTG•CAG repeat tract duplex. In scenario-2, Spt4/5 and Elf1 inhibit Pol II bypass of the NTS and TS slip-out. Spt4/5 and Elf1 facilitate the detection of non-B DNA structure and may promote non-B DNA repair.
