Table 4. The association (regression coefficients and 95% CI) of community-level women’s education with adolescent hemoglobin level in unadjusted and adjusted models (N in all models = 62,648 adolescents).
| Characteristics | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed part | Coefficient (95% confidence interval) | |||
| Community-level women’s education | 0·569 (0·477, 0·661)*** | 0·423(0·335, 0·510)*** | 0·286 (0·191, 0·381)*** | 0·234 (0·117, 0·352)*** |
| Adolescent’s age | 0·010 (-0·005, 0·025) | 0·014 (-0·001, 0·028) | 0·013 (-0·002, 0·027) | |
| Adolescent’s female gender (Reference category: boys) | -1·791(-1·826, -1·756)*** | -1·790 (-1·826, -1·755)*** | -1·791 (-1·826, -1·755)*** | |
| Adolescent’s education | 0·018 (0·013, 0·024)*** | 0·015 (0·009, 0·020)*** | 0·013 (0·007, 0·018)*** | |
| Mother’s education | 0·012 (0·009, 0·015)*** | 0·007 (0·003, 0·011)*** | ||
| Father’s education | 0·003 (-0·001, 0·006) | |||
| Family size | -0·001 (-0·006, 0·004) | |||
| Social group (reference category: Scheduled Caste) | ||||
| Scheduled Tribe | -0·103 (-0·155, -0·051)*** | |||
| Other backward classes | 0·089 (0·051, 0·127)*** | |||
| General | 0·081 (0·036, 0·126)*** | |||
| Religion (reference category: Hindu) | ||||
| Muslim | 0·057 (-0·001, 0·116) | |||
| Christian | 0.125 (0·036, 0·215)** | |||
| Other | -0·036 (-0·114, 0·042) | |||
| Household wealth (reference category: poorest) | ||||
| Poorer | -0·004 (-0·045, 0·037) | |||
| Middle | 0·023 (-0·024, 0·070) | |||
| Richer | 0·011 (-0·043, 0·065) | |||
| Richest | 0·095 (0·031, 0·160)** | |||
| Proportion of SC and ST households | -0·045 (-0·115, 0·025) | |||
| Proportion of Muslim households | 0·080 (-0·008, 0·168) | |||
| Proportion of poorest households | 0·031 (-0·010, 0·071) | |||
| Place of residence (reference category: Urban) | ||||
| Rural | 0·031 (-0·010, 0·071) | |||
| Region (reference category: North) | ||||
| Central | 0.207 (-0·198, 0·611) | |||
| East | -0·062 (-0·433, 0·308) | |||
| Northeast | 0·740 (0·422, 1·059)*** | |||
| West | 0·142 (-0·246, 0·529) | |||
| South | -0·011 (-0·332, 0·310) | |||
| Constant | 11·865 (11·719, 12·012)*** | 13·12 (12·846, 13·394)*** | 13·075 (12·802, 13·349)*** | 12·867 (12·536, 13·198)*** |
| Random part | Variance (95% confidence interval) | |||
| State | 0·171 (0·098, 0·298) | 0·174 (0·101, 0·300) | 0·170 (0·099, 0·293) | 0·085 (0·046, 0·156) |
| District | 0·127 (0·110, 0·147) | 0·125 (0·108, 0·144) | 0·124 (0·107, 0·143) | 0·119 (0·103, 0·138) |
| Primary sampling unit | 0·197 (0·176, 0·221) | 0·145 (0·126, 0·166) | 0·144 (0·126, 0·165) | 0·141 (0·123, 0·162) |
| Household | 0·435 (0·374, 0·506) | 0·429 (0·374, 0·492) | 0·428 (0·373, 0·491) | 0·428 (0·373, 0·490) |
| Residual | 2·034 (1·970, 2·100) | 1·724 (1·667, 1·782) | 1·724 (1·667, 1·782) | 1·722 (1·665, 1·780) |
*p<0.05,
**p<0.01,
***p<0.001.