Table 5. The association (regression coefficients and 95% CI) of community-level women’s education with adolescent BMI in unadjusted and adjusted models (N in all models = 62,846 adolescents).
| Characteristics | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed part | Coefficient (95% confidence interval) | |||
| Community-level women’s education | 1.911(1.761, 2.062)*** | 1.789(1.634, 1.944)*** | 1.353(1.183, 1.524)*** | 0.776(0.567, 0.985)*** |
| Adolescent’s age | 0.300(0.273, 0.327)*** | 0.312(0.285, 0.339)*** | 0.308(0.281, 0.334)*** | |
| Adolescent’s female gender (Reference category: boys) | 0.261(0.196, 0.326)*** | 0.263(0.198, 0.328)*** | 0.272(0.207, 0.337)*** | |
| Adolescent’s education | 0.024 (0.015, 0.034)*** | 0.012 (0.002, 0.021)* | 0.006 (-0.005, 0.016) | |
| Mother’s education | 0.038 (0.031, 0.044)*** | 0.013 (0.005, 0.020)** | ||
| Father’s education | 0.004(-0.003, 0.010) | |||
| Family size | -0.023 (-0.033, -0.013)*** | |||
| Social group (reference category: Scheduled Caste) | ||||
| Scheduled Tribe | 0.119 (0.025, 0.213)* | |||
| Other backward classes | -0.019 (-0.089, 0.051) | |||
| General | 0.171 (0.088, 0.254)*** | |||
| Religion (reference category: Hindu) | ||||
| Muslim | 0.015 (-0.095, 0.124) | |||
| Christian | 0.330 (0.175, 0.486)*** | |||
| Other | 0.180 (0.039, 0.320)* | |||
| Household wealth (reference category: poorest) | ||||
| Poorer | 0.074 (-0.002, 0.150) | |||
| Middle | 0.205 (0.118, 0.292)*** | |||
| Richer | 0.334 (0.234, 0.433)*** | |||
| Richest | 0.851 (0.733, 0.969)*** | |||
| Proportion of SC and ST households | 0.047 (-0.077, 0.170) | |||
| Proportion of Muslim households | 0.168 (0.011, 0.326)* | |||
| Proportion of poorest households | 0.227 (0.067, 0.387)** | |||
| Place of residence (reference category: Urban) | ||||
| Rural | -0.133 (-0.205, -0.062)*** | |||
| Region (reference category: North) | ||||
| Central | -0.101 (-0.560, 0.357) | |||
| East | 0.003 (-0.418, 0.423) | |||
| Northeast | 1.010 (0.734, 1.465)*** | |||
| West | -0.0386 (-0.479, 0.402) | |||
| South | 0.185 (-0.180, 0.550) | |||
| Constant | 19.085 (18.866, 19.30)*** | 13.888 (13.409, 14.367)*** | 13.747 (13.269, 14.224)*** | 13.534 (13.020, 14.048)*** |
| Random part | Variance (95% confidence Intervals) | |||
| State | 0.400 (0.244, 0.657) | 0.406 (0.248, 0.666) | 0.392 (0.240, 0.643) | 0.109 (0.060, 0.198) |
| District | 0.087 (0.068, 0.112) | 0.086 (0.067, 0.110) | 0.086 (0.067, 0.110) | 0.077 (0.059, 0.100) |
| Primary sampling unit | 0.326 (0.264, 0.402) | 0.319 (0.258, 0.395) | 0.313 (0.252, 0.389) | 0.288 (0.228, 0.363) |
| Household | 2.126 (1.928, 2.344) | 2.239 (2.044, 2.454) | 2.232 (2.037, 2.446) | 2.214 (2.020, 2.427) |
| Residual | 5.559 (5.365, 5.760) | 5.381 (5.191, 5.577) | 5.376 (5.186, 5.572) | 5.365 (5.176, 5.560) |
*p<0.05,
**p<0.01,
***p<0.001.