Figure 11.

The proposed biosynthetic pathways of neolignans, lignans, and lignins in Arabidopsis. Asterisks indicate the reader’s convenience, each phenolic radical is depicted with its resonance form chosen to allow the radical coupling, 8-O-4′ and 8-5′, to be rationalized; the two FC^● structures shown, for example, are simply two resonance forms of the same phenolic radical. DIR, dirigent protein; laccase, LAC; PRX, peroxidase; PLR, pinoresinol/lariciresinol reductase; PrR, pinoresinol reductase; G, guaiacyl moiety; SC, sinapoylcholine; FC, feruloylcholine; CA, coniferyl alcohol.