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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 20.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2018 Sep 17;49(11):1841–1849. doi: 10.1017/S0033291718002532

Table 2.

Association between ADHD and obesity in the entire study population

RD (95% CI), % RR (95% CI)
Model 1
   All 3.73 (3.55 - 3.90) 3.05 (2.95 - 3.15)
   Females 5.11 (4.77 - 5.44) 2.86 (2.73 - 2.98)
   Males 2.53 (2.37 - 2.70) 3.74 (3.55 - 3.93)
Model 2
   All 3.30 (3.14 - 3.47) 2.82 (2.72 - 2.91)
   Females 4.55 (4.24 - 4.86) 2.66 (2.54 - 2.77)
   Males 2.27 (2.12 - 2.43) 3.46 (3.28 - 3.63)
Model 3: model 2 additionally adjusted for all selected comorbid conditions
   All 1.81 (1.67 - 1.95) 1.98 (1.91 - 2.06)
   Females 2.24 (1.99 - 2.50) 1.81 (1.71 - 1.90)
   Males 1.61 (1.48 - 1.76) 2.73 (2.57 - 2.89)
Model 4: model 2 additionally adjusted for depression only
   All 2.13 (1.99 - 2.27) 2.16 (2.08 - 2.24)
   Females 2.85 (2.58 - 3.12) 2.03 (1.93 - 2.13)
   Males 1.76 (1.62 - 1.90) 2.89 (2.73 - 3.05)
Model 5: mode 2 additionally adjusted for anxiety only
   All 2.18 (2.03 - 2.32) 2.19 (2.11 - 2.27)
   Females 2.89 (2.62 - 3.16) 2.04 (1.94 - 2.14)
   Males 1.84 (1.69 - 1.98) 2.97 (2.81 - 3.13)
Model 6: model 2 additionally adjusted for substance use disorder only
   All 3.13 (2.96 - 3.30) 2.72 (2.62 - 2.82)
   Females 4.08 (3.77 - 4.39) 2.48 (2.37 - 2.60)
   Males 2.17 (2.01 - 2.32) 3.34 (3.16 - 3.52)
Model 7: model 2 additionally adjusted for bipolar disorder only
   All 2.98 (2.82 - 3.14) 2.64 (2.54 - 2.73)
   Females 4.02 (3.71 - 4.33) 2.46 (2.34 - 2.57)
   Males 2.19 (2.04 - 2.35) 3.37 (3.19 - 3.54)
Model 8: model2 in individuals without other psychiatric disorders than ADHD
   All 3.54 (3.37 - 3.71) 3.31 (3.19 - 3.42)
   Females 4.82 (4.50 - 5.15) 3.05 (2.91 - 3.19)
   Males 2.44 (2.28 - 2.60) 4.11 (3.89 - 4.33)

RD: risk difference; RR: risk ratio; CI: confidence interval

Model 1: Adjusted for age at the end observational period

Model 2: Adjusted for age at the end observational period, birth order, maternal age at delivery, paternal age at childbirth, and family education