Table 6.

Association between monoclonal gammopathies and direct kidney injury.

Monoclonal gammopathy	Odds ratio (95% CI)∗	P value
MM	47.5 (13.7–164.9)	<0.001
NHL	2.1 (0.6–7.2)	0.194
SMM	0.5 (0.1–3)	0.5
MGUS	0.01 (0.005–0.04)	<0.001
HL	—	0.153

HL, Hodgkin lymphoma; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; MGUS, monoclonal gammopathy of indeterminate significance; MM, multiple myeloma; SMM, smoldering multiple myeloma. AL amyloidosis was not tested because the pathogenesis of amyloidosis depends on a proven direct kidney injury due to the deposition of light chain within the renal parenchyma. P value for MGUS was statistically but not clinically significant. The protective effect of MGUS in developing kidney disease is not applicable in this context.