Table 3.
Factors associated with the level of Perceived Stress (PSS-10 scale) in patients with IBD.
| PSS-10 Score |
Univariate* |
Multivariate** |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate/high | Low | RR | CI (95%) | p Value | OR | CI (95%) | p Value | |
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| ≥45 | 112 (69.6) | 182 (68.7) | 0.484 | |||||
| <45 | 49 (30.4) | 83 (31.3) | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Women | 96 (59.6) | 121 (45.7) | 1.422 | 1.107–1.928 | 0.005 | 1.590 | 1.053–2.403 | 0.028 |
| Men | 65 (40.4) | 144 (54.3) | ||||||
| Civil status | ||||||||
| Non-married | 68 (42.2) | 78 (29.4) | 1.402 | 1.103–1.783 | 0.007 | 1.746 | 1.133–2.688 | 0.011 |
| Married | 93 (57.8) | 187 (70.6) | ||||||
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Superior/university | 77 (47.8) | 134 (50.6) | 0.583 | |||||
| Elemental/none | 84 (52.2) | 131 (49.4) | ||||||
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Unemployed | 83 (51.6) | 107 (40.4) | 1.322 | 1.037–1.685 | 0.024 | 1.369 | 0.886–2.096 | 0.159 |
| Working | 78 (48.4) | 158 (59.6) | ||||||
| Smoking habit | ||||||||
| Yes | 38 (23.6) | 46 (17.4) | 0.116 | |||||
| No | 123 (76.4) | 219 (82.6) | ||||||
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| Yes | 72 (44.7) | 88 (33.2) | 1.345 | 1.057–1.711 | 0.017 | 1.471 | 0.952–2.273 | 0.082 |
| No | 89 (55.3) | 177 (66.8) | ||||||
| Type of IBD | ||||||||
| CD | 73 (45.3) | 104 (39.2) | 0.216 | |||||
| UC | 88 (54.7) | 161 (60.8) | ||||||
| Corticosteroids treatment | ||||||||
| Yes | 4 (2.5) | 2 (0.8) | 0.142 | |||||
| No | 157 (97.5) | 263 (99.2) | ||||||
| Biologic treatment | ||||||||
| Yes | 45 (28.0) | 89 (33.6) | 0.225 | |||||
| No | 116 (72.0) | 176 (66.4) | ||||||
| Worsening IBD symptoms | ||||||||
| Yes | 62 (38.5) | 57 (21.5) | 1.616 | 1.275–2.047 | <0.001 | 2.064 | 1.322–3.222 | 0.001 |
| No | 99 (61.5) | 208 (78.5) | ||||||
| Patient–physician relationship | ||||||||
| Bad | 9 (5.6) | 7 (2.6) | 0.121 | |||||
| Good | 152 (94.4) | 258 (97.4) | ||||||
| COVID infection (confirmed or suspected) | ||||||||
| Yes | 12 (7.5) | 18 (6.8) | 0.769 | |||||
| No | 149 (92.5) | 247 (93.2) | ||||||
| Relatives or close friends affected | ||||||||
| Yes | 33 (20.5) | 37 (14.0) | 0.078 | |||||
| No | 128 (79.5) | 228 (86.0) | ||||||
| Therapeutic adherence | ||||||||
| Yes | 122 (90.4) | 216 (92.7) | 0.430 | |||||
| No | 13 (9.6) | 17 (7.3) | ||||||
IBD: inflammatory bowel disease. UC: Ulcerative Colitis. N (%): number (frequency).
*
Chi-square test.
**
Logistic regression multivariate analysis.