TABLE 2.
Characteristics of Salmonella enterica isolates from food-producing animals in China.
| Groups | Strains | Serotype | MICCIP (mg/L) | QRDR Mutations a | mRNA (± SD)c | PMQR genesb | ||||||||
| gyrA | parC | acrA | acrB | tolC | ramA | marA | soxS | oqxAB | aac (6′)-Ib-cr | qnrS | ||||
| S | M61 | Rissen | 0.008 | – | T57S | 10.40 (9.08) | 6.61(6.35) | 1.32(0.43) | 0.47(0.39) | 2.5(2.06) | 6.71(10.44) | – | – | |
| M36 | Rissen | 0.008 | – | T57S | 3.96 (3.90) | 2.55(2.97) | 8.14(8.46) | 0.23(0.16) | 1.65(1.44) | 10.78(17.81) | – | – | ||
| JH51 | NT | 0.008 | – | T57S | 8.72 (9.76) | 7.64(9.11) | 25.44(23.33) | 0.63(0.44) | 2.62(3.2) | 25.28(42.22) | – | – | ||
| JH196 | NT | 0.008 | – | T57S | 6.72 (5.90) | 5.29(7.57) | 8.55(9.17) | 0.72(0.83) | 0.97(0.89) | 6.86(10.89) | – | – | ||
| R17 | Rissen | 0.008 | – | T57S | 4.58 (3.13) | 5.83(3.73) | 0.54(0.36) | 0.36(0.33) | 4.23(5.46) | 1.88(2.03) | – | – | ||
| A35 | Rissen | 0.015 | – | T57S | 10.26 (9.82) | 11.84(10.36) | 1.83(0.66) | 0.78(0.7) | 6.55(8.7) | 8.47(11.12) | – | – | ||
| D71 | Derby | 0.015 | – | T57S | 40.23 (68.59) | 29.72(49.98) | 4.69(6.19) | 0.88(0.57) | 128.1(215.92) | 34.74(58.72) | – | – | ||
| RS | M39 | Derby | 0.06 | – | T57S | 7.22 (11.53) | 6.99(10.2) | 25.26(27.39) | 0.52(0.43) | 44.88(67.58) | 14.31(23.17) | C + | – | |
| A42 | Rissen | 0.06 | – | T57S | 14.41 (23.84) | 12.77(19.28) | 61.16(80.08) | 0.61(0.49) | 74.2(110.15) | 27.34(44.57) | C + | – | ||
| J24 | Derby | 0.06 | – | T57S | 16.96 (28.80) | 14.33(23.41) | 63.41(85.18) | 0.64(0.57) | 81.66(125.27) | 28.23(45.73) | C + | – | ||
| HB137 | Indiana | 0.25 | D87Y | – | 14.70 (24.60) | 18.79(30.34) | 77.49(104.2) | 1.66(1.43) | 75.06(106.06) | 31.07(50.41) | – | – | ||
| 3 | Typhimurium | 0.5 | S83Y | – | 15.63 (26.20) | 17.39(28.43) | 61.87(82.57) | 0.88(0.71) | 76.44(125.51) | 17.07(27.52) | – | – | ||
| 4 | Typhimurium | 0.5 | S83Y | – | 24.12 (41.04) | 29.5(50.16) | 116.38(159.45) | 0.58(0.58) | 265.95(441.87) | 31.27(52.95) | – | – | ||
| I | SP79 | Typhimurium | 1 | D87N | – | 1.09 (1.55) | 0.59(0.74) | 0.33(0.44) | 0.38(0.56) | 0.57(0.78) | 0.24(0.24) | ∼180kb P + | ∼180kb P + | |
| SP128 | Typhimurium | 1 | D87N | – | 6.12 (8.28) | 6.27(9.02) | 0.57(0.76) | 2.3(3.37) | 89.42(78.44) | 2.37(1.82) | – | – | ||
| SP80 | Indiana | 1 | D87N | – | 5.42 (8.42) | 6.68(10.81) | 6.41(9.94) | 0.39(0.27) | 20.03(25.57) | 1.74(2.32) | ∼180kb P + | ∼180kb P + | ||
| SP116 | Typhimurium | 2 | D87N | – | 1.06 (0.79) | 5.69(8.64) | 5.6(8.27) | 0.32(0.22) | 6.71(6.85) | 1.33(1.71) | ∼180kb P + | ∼180kb P + | ||
| SP124 | Typhimurium | 2 | D87N | – | 0.93 (1.14) | 0.7(0.82) | 1.28(1.53) | 0.36(0.52) | 0.61(0.65) | 0.23(0.19) | ∼180kb P + | ∼180kb P + | ||
| R | E39 | Derby | 4 | – | T57S | 0.73 (1.03) | 0.51(0.59) | 1.67(2.14) | 0.43(0.65) | 0.64(0.62) | 0.35(0.29) | C + | C + | C + |
| E16 | Derby | 4 | – | T57S | 1.03 (1.68) | 0.34(0.41) | 0.59(0.56) | 0.44(0.69) | 0.31(0.42) | 0.15(0.18) | C + | C + | C + | |
| F64 | Derby | 4 | – | T57S | 0.45 (0.62) | 0.32(0.37) | 0.58(0.55) | 0.54(0.64) | 0.77(0.88) | 0.24(0.18) | C + | C + | C + | |
| E9 | Derby | 8 | – | T57S | 0.46 (0.50) | 0.3(0.27) | 0.54(0.53) | 0.47(0.59) | 0.5(0.62) | 0.19(0.1) | C + | C + | C + | |
| E62 | Indiana | 8 | – | T57S | 0.68 (1.07) | 0.38(0.46) | 0.46(0.42) | 0.36(0.35) | 0.66(0.62) | 0.21(0.1) | C + | C + | C + | |
| F92 | Derby | 8 | – | T57S | 1.05 (1.75) | 0.72(1.17) | 1.06(0.7) | 0.88(0.75) | 0.52(0.33) | 0.15(0.04) | C + | C + | C + | |
| HR | CL108 | Indiana | 32 | S83F, D87G | T57S, S80R | 0.86 (1.43) | 0.45(0.7) | 0.04(0.03) | 5.71(4.87) | 2.11(1.32) | 0.34(0.37) | C + | C + | C + |
| K46 | Indiana | 32 | S83F, D87G | T57S, S80R | 3.21 (5.51) | 1.14(1.88) | 0.12(0.1) | 2.46(1.95) | 3.83(5.11) | 0.23(0.1) | – | ∼240kb P + | ||
| E58 | Indiana | 64 | S83F, D87G | T57S, S80R | 6.18 (10.57) | 3.61(6.08) | 0.27(0.21) | 24.95(26.7) | 7.42(11.24) | 1.69(2.27) | – | ∼240kb P + | ||
| J20 | Indiana | 64 | S83F, D87G | T57S, S80R | 2.98 (5.00) | 1.04(1.45) | 0.11(0.07) | 7.62(11.22) | 2.33(1.85) | 0.31(0.36) | C + | C + | C + | |
| J46 | Indiana | 64 | S83F, D87G | T57S, S80R | 2.03 (3.25) | 1.16(1.45) | 0.11(0.07) | 10.98(16.91) | 3.56(3.23) | 1.32(1.24) | C + | C + | C + | |
| E25 | Indiana | 64 | S83F, D87G | T57S, S80R | 4.88 (7.84) | 3.31(3.86) | 0.39(0.27) | 42.42(46.68) | 9.96(9.58) | 3.02(2.99) | – | ∼240kb P + | ||
| E54 | Indiana | 64 | S83F, D87G | T57S, S80R | 60.86 (101.91) | 50.91(86.83) | 5.75(9.87) | 59.04(67.8) | 234.43(390.32) | 46.22(79.61) | – | ∼240kb P + | ||
| B44 | Indiana | 64 | S83F, D87G | T57S, S80R | 15.66 (23.54) | 8.43(11.93) | 0.61(0.77) | 18.01(17.75) | 44.57(56.69) | 1.09(0.99) | – | ∼240kb P + | ||
−, Wild-type allele (no mutation). aQRDR, amino-acids substitutions in Quinolone Resistance Determining Region of topoisomerases encoding genes; gyrB and parE in all detected strains are all wild-type allele (no mutation). bPMQR, Plasmid Mediated Quinolone Resistance; qnrA, B, C, D and qepA genes cannot be detected in all Salmonella isolates; C + : chromosomally located. cmRNA levels relative to control genes 16S rRNA, with standard deviations (SD).