Table 2.
Prevalence studies on human West Nile virus infections in Nigeria (n=13)
| Study | State/city | Sample size, n | Prevalencen, % |
Bias assessment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IgM ELISA | IgG ELISA | Neutralizing antibody serology | RT-PCR | NS1 ELISA | ||||
| Oderinde et al., 2020 [10] | Maiduguri | 200 | 36.0 | 85.0 | - | 6.5 | 47.0 | Low |
| Ma‟aji, 2017 [18] | Zaria | 135 | 5.2 | - | - | 2.9 | - | Low |
| Macnamara et al., 1959 [19] | Ibadan | 207 | - | - | MPT: 9.7 | - | - | Low |
| Olaleye et al., 1990 [20] | Ibadan | 304 | - | - | HI: 40.0 | - | - | Low |
| Baba et al., 2013 [21] | Maiduguri | 310 | - | - | PRNT: 25.0 | - | - | Low |
| Adesina et al., 2017 [22] | Ile-ife | 165 | - | - | - | 3.6 | - | Low |
| Bukbuk et al., 2017 [23] | Maiduguri | 200 | - | - | MNT: 9.5 | - | - | Unclear |
| Oladipo et al., 2018 [24] | Ogbomoso | 93 | 18.3 | - | - | - | - | Moderate |
| Baba et al., 2006 [25] | Maiduguri | 973 | 1.2 | 80.2 | - | 0.6 | - | - |
| Opaleye et al., 2014 [26] | Osun State | 185 | 0.0 | - | - | - | - | High |
| Omilabu et al., 1990 [27] | Ibadan | 170 | - | - | CFT: 65.0 | - | - | Moderate |
| Ogbomoso | ||||||||
| Kolawole et al., 2015 [28] | Ogbomoso | 93 | 12.9 | 19.4 | - | - | - | - |
| Kolawole et al., 2018 [29] | Ilorin | 200 | 7.5 | - | - | - | - | Low |
Ig, immunoglobulin; RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; NS1, non-structural protein 1; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; MPT, mouse protection test; HI, hemagglutination inhibition; PRNT, plaque reduction neutralization test; MNT, microneutralization test; CFT, complement fixation test.