Table 2.
Characteristics of 101 patients of mucormycosis with COVID-19.
| Confirmed mucormycosis, N = 101 | n, (%) | Remarks and limitations | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Country reported (Published) | India | 82 (81.2) | Highest cases reported from India. ≈ denotes nearest rounded of value. |
| USA | 9 (8.9) | ||
| Iran | 3 (≈3.0) | ||
| UK | 1 (≈1.0) | ||
| France | 1 (≈1.0) | ||
| Italy | 1 (≈1.0) | ||
| Brazil | 1 (≈1.0) | ||
| Turkey | 1 (≈1.0) | ||
| Mexico | 1 (≈1.0) | ||
| Austria |
1 (≈1.0) |
||
| Age (Years) |
Range 22-86 |
– |
|
| Sex | Male | 71/90 (78.9) | More commonly observed in males. |
| Female |
19/90 (21.1) |
||
| COVID-19 status | Active | 60/101 (59.4) | Exact definition of active and recovered cases of COVID-19 was different and not unanimous. |
| Recovered |
41/101 (40.6) |
||
| Risk factors | Hyperglycemia at presentation | 75/90 (83.3) | No unanimous definition of hyperglycemia. |
| Malignancy | 3/101 (3.0) | 2 Leukemia, 1 Lymphoma | |
| Post-transplant |
1/101 (1.0) |
1 Heart transplant |
|
| Hyperglycemia at presentation | Pre-existing DM | 72/90 (80.0) | Unless reported as insulin-dependent or type 1 diabetes, all cases were assumed as type 2 diabetes. Lack of baseline HbA1c data and duration of diabetes for majority of DM patients. |
| Types of DM# | – | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | 70/72 (97.2) | ||
| Type 1 diabetes | 2/72 (2.8) | ||
| New-onset DM/hyperglycemia | 2/90 (2.2) | ||
| Presented with DKA |
15/101 (14.9) |
||
| Treatment history of COVID-19 | Steroid | 74/97 (76.3) | Few cases were received all 3 drugs for COVID-19. |
| Tocilizumab | 4/97 (4.1) | ||
| Remdesivir |
20/97 (20.6) |
||
| Mucormycosis | Confirmed | 95/101 (94.1) | Confirmed denotes microbiological or histopathological diagnosis. |
| Suspected |
6/101 (5.9) |
||
| Location of mucormycosis | Nasal/Sinus | 80/90 (88.9) | There appears to have an overlap between Nasal/Sinus only and Rhino-orbital variety. |
| Rhino-orbital | 51/90 (56.7) | ||
| Rhino-orbito-cerebral | 20/90 (22.2) | ||
| Bone involvement | 15/101 (14.9) | ||
| Pulmonary | 8/101 (7.9) | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 1/101 (1.0) | ||
| Cutaneous |
1/101 (1.0) |
||
| Outcomes | Alive (Improved/Improving) | 56/101 (55.4) | Outcomes is difficult to assess considering that several cases were still under in-hospital treatment and their final outcome are not yet known. |
| Unchanged | 5/101 (5.0) | ||
| Death | 31/101 (30.7) | ||
| Status unknown (LFU, LAMA) | 9/101 (8.9) | ||
DM: Diabetes mellitus, DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis, LFU: Lost to follow-up, LAMA: Left against medical advice.