Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants grouped by sex and the FG categories
| Characteristic | Men (n = 172,605) glucose, mg/dL |
p value | Women (n = 153,942) glucose, mg/dL |
p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 100 | 100– 125 | ≥ 126 or DM | < 100 | 100– 125 | ≥ 126 or DM | |||
| Number | 116,780 | 43,891 | 11,934 | 117,570 | 29,488 | 6,884 | ||
| Age, yr | 43.4 ± 13.7 | 48.5 ± 13.3 | 53.3 ± 12.3 | < 0.001 | 45.7 ± 14.8 | 53.6 ± 14.0 | 59.4 ± 12.4 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 27,272 (23.4) | 16,306 (37.2) | 6,365 (53.3) | < 0.001 | 24,746 (21.1) | 11,888 (40.3) | 4,096 (59.5) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (yes) | 13,208 (11.3) | 7,901 (18.0) | 3,420 (28.7) | < 0.001 | 15,187 (12.9) | 7,498 (25.4) | 2,787 (40.5) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Non | 48,122 (41.2) | 18,786 (42.8) | 5,103 (42.8) | 112,030 (95.3) | 28,382 (96.3) | 6,575 (95.5) | ||
| Ex | 16,503 (14.1) | 7,268 (16.6) | 1,824 (15.3) | 1,707 (1.5) | 302 (1.0) | 75 (1.1) | ||
| Current | 52,155 (44.7) | 17,837 (40.6) | 5,007 (42.00) | 3,833 (3.3) | 804 (2.7) | 234 (3.4) | ||
| Drinking | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Non | 40,602 (34.8) | 14,641 (33.4) | 4,285 (35.9) | 84,388 (71.8) | 23,083 (78.3) | 5,890 (85.6) | ||
| Moderate | 21,153 (18.1) | 6,497 (14.8) | 1,568 (13.1) | 19,274 (16.4) | 3,463 (11.7) | 533 (7.7) | ||
| Heavy | 55,025 (47.1) | 22,753 (51.8) | 6,081 (51.0) | 13,908 (11.8) | 2,942 (10.0) | 461 (6.7) | ||
| Exercise, /wk | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| 0 | 55,335 (47.4) | 20,244 (46.1) | 5,451 (45.7) | 73,625 (62.6) | 18,106 (61.4) | 4,048 (58.8) | ||
| 1–2 | 39,203 (33.6) | 14,467 (33.0) | 3,656 (30.6) | 24,047 (20.5) | 5,787 (19.6) | 1,259 (18.3) | ||
| 3–4 | 13,630 (11.7) | 5,278 (12.0) | 1,476 (12.4) | 11,472 (9.8) | 2,880 (9.8) | 665 (9.7) | ||
| 5–6 | 2,989 (2.6) | 1,270 (2.9) | 381 (3.2) | 2,974 (2.5) | 808 (2.7) | 187 (2.7) | ||
| Everyday | 5,623 (4.8) | 2,632 (6.0) | 970 (8.1) | 5,452 (4.6) | 1,907 (6.5) | 725 (10.5) | ||
| DM medication (yes) | 1,406 (1.2) | 2,542 (5.8) | 5,312 (44.5) | < 0.001 | 1,368 (1.2) | 2,348 (8.0) | 3,970 (57.7) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.8 ± 3.0 | 24.5 ± 3.0 | 24.8 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 | 22.7 ± 3.2 | 24.1 ± 3.4 | 25.0 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 123.8 ± 14.4 | 127.9 ± 15.5 | 131.4 ± 16.7 | < 0.001 | 118.6 ± 16.1 | 125.7 ± 17.4 | 130.4 ± 18.2 | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 77.7 ± 9.9 | 80.0 ± 10.4 | 81.4 ± 10.8 | < 0.001 | 73.8 ± 10.3 | 77.3 ± 10.8 | 79.1 ± 10.9 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 86.6 ± 8.1 | 108.2 ± 6.7 | 168.8 ± 53.8 | < 0.001 | 86.0 ± 7.9 | 107.7 ± 6.6 | 165.8 ± 50.1 | < 0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 190.2 ± 35.0 | 197.4 ± 36.9 | 200.2 ± 41.5 | < 0.001 | 190.2 ± 36.2 | 203.5 ± 39.3 | 208.5 ± 43.1 | < 0.001 |
| Outcome | ||||||||
| Death | 4,671 (4.0) | 2,625 (6.0) | 1,360 (11.4) | < 0.001 | 2,753 (2.3) | 1,454 (4.9) | 673 (9.8) | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD or number (%).
FG, fasting glucose; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol.