Fig. 8. Simplified representation of the effect of L-carnitine on different TRPV1 channel activation pathways.

Ca²⁺ channels such as TRPs of the TRPV1 subtype (capsaicin receptor) can be selectively activated by CAP (Figs. 2, 3), heat (>43 °C) (Fig. 4) or hypertonic challenge (Fig. 5) (all dotted arrows). L-carnitine was able to suppress TRPV1 activity at all different TRPV1 activation mechanism (⊥) leading overall to a reduced intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration (Figs. 2–6).