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. 2021 Jan 30;60(3):1796–1817. doi: 10.1007/s10943-021-01188-8

Table 4.

Conditional response means, standard deviations, and paired comparisons for the five-profile solution

Variable Range Profile 1 (33.2%) Profile 2 (21.0%) Profile 3 (20.2%) Profile 4 (14.0%) Profile 5 (11.6%)
M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD)
Positive personal coping 1–5 3.87 (0.75)a 3.96 (0.64)a 2.85 (1.03)b 3.10 (1.15)b 4.24 (0.56)c
Positive social coping 1–5 4.16 (0.81)a 4.04 (0.72)a 3.20 (0.87)b 3.21 (0.94)b 4.50 (0.43)c
Positive environmental coping 1–5 3.52 (1.12)a 3.25 (1.18)a 2.54 (1.25)b 2.41 (1.24)b 4.28 (0.64)c
Positive religious coping 1–5 3.55 (1.02)a 2.63 (1.52)b 2.49 (1.18)b 1.70 (0.98)c 4.31 (0.73)d
Negative personal coping 1–5 2.97 (1.34)a 2.34 (1.06)b 3.77 (1.26)c 1.77 (0.91)d 1.49 (0.54)d
Negative social coping 1–5 2.50 (1.02)a 1.81 (0.76)b 2.86 (1.00)c 1.34 (0.48)d 1.26 (0.34)d
Negative religious coping 1–5 2.78 (1.04)a 1.10 (0.09)b 3.02 (1.16)a 1.52 (0.61)c 1.62 (0.54)c
Self-forgiveness 1–5 2.21 (0.90)ab 2.47 (1.23)a 1.98 (0.83)b 2.90 (1.05)c 2.72 (0.93)c
Forgiveness of others 1–5 3.23 (0.80)a 3.42 (0.78)a 2.66 (0.84)b 3.48 (0.63)a 3.76 (0.59)c
Feeling forgiven by God 1–5 3.70 (1.04)a 3.45 (1.46)ab 3.00 (1.27)b 3.31 (1.02)b 4.35 (0.76)c
Gratitude 7–42 29.87 (5.23)a 31.20 (6.76)ac 25.19 (7.37)b 28.75 (6.57)a 32.43 (5.87)c

Means within rows with differing superscripts differ significantly at the p < .05 level. Profile 1 = both moderately positive and negative dimensions of spirituality; Profile 2 = moderately positive dimensions of spirituality; Profile 3 = predominantly negative dimensions of spirituality; Profile 4 = mixed dimensions of spirituality with the lowest level of positive religious coping; Profile 5 = highly positive dimensions of spirituality. N = 323

M mean, SD standard deviation