Fig. 5. Epidermal chloroplasts preferentially position immune components GSH1, EDS5, and CAS.

Localization patterns of GSH1, EDS5, and CAS proteins in Arabidopsis. The transgenic gsh1 mutant expressing GSH1-GFP⁴⁶ under its own promoter and Col-0 plants expressing EDS5-sfGFP and CAS-sfGFP under the CaMV 35S promoter were incubated with or without Cfio and observed at 2 dpi. Chloroplasts were visualized using chlorophyll autofluorescence. The lower left dashed-line square regions show a magnified image of the dashed box. The white arrowheads and arrows indicate melanized appressoria and stromules, respectively. The orange arrow indicates CAS localized in the epidermal plastid without chlorophyll. Scale bar, 10 µm. Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments.