Table 2.

Clinical assessments of scapulothoracic dyskinesis

Assessment	Methodology
McClure et al. visual assessment	Visual classification based on degree of dyskinesis: normal, subtle, obvious
Uhl et al. visual assessment	Visual classification based on presence or absence of scapulothoracic dyskinesis
Kibler et al. visual assessment	Based on 4 movement patterns: pattern I—inferomedial scapular border; pattern II—medial scapular border; pattern III—superior scapular border; pattern IV—symmetric
Scapular assistance test	Examiner assists patient in upward rotation and posterior tilt during shoulder activation. Test is positive if ROM is increased or pain is reduced
Scapular retraction test	Examiner assists with active elevation by applying external rotation and posterior tilt to the scapula. Test is positive if pain is reduced during exam
Lateral scapular slide test	Examiner measures distance from superior angle of scapula, scapular spine, and inferior angle of scapula to the thoracic spine with arm place in three different positions. Test is positive if measurement variation exceeds 1.5 cm
Isometric scapular pinch test	Patient is asked to retract scapula together as much as possible and to hold the isometric contraction for 20 seconds. Test is positive if burning sensation is present
Wall pushup test	Patient is asked to perform 20 pushups. Test is positive if wing scapula is present