Fig. 3. Predicted total plant taxa richness under 2.5 °C climate warming between 2050 and 2300 based on the inferred past relationship between total plant taxa richness and alpine habitat area.

a The relationship between total plant richness and alpine habitat area was established by a generalized linear model (Methods). b Prediction of total plant richness loss based on predicted alpine area habitat loss as inferred from simulating the forest rise in response to warming. c Visualization of total plant richness in Lake Naleng’s catchment after 2.5 °C warming. Data are presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval (red area) in a and b.