Table 2.
Study details arranged chronologically by the month and year of publication along with follow up and outcome scores [*For descriptive purposes, the cohort of patients reported by Krishna et al. (35) and Elias et al. (47) were split into two groups, each with its own distinct characteristics].
| References | Study design | Period of recruitment of patients | Place where conducted | No. of patients | Mean age ± SD (range) (in years) | Sex (male, female) | Mean disease duration ± SD (range) (in years) | Target | Localization method | Maximum follow up (range) | Mean total CRST score | CRST part A | Hand score | CRST part C | QUEST | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative | Postoperative (follow up – number of patients) | Preoperative | Postoperative (follow up – number of patients) | Preoperative (maximum score) | Postoperative (follow up – number of patients) | Preoperative | Postoperative (follow up – number of patients) | Preoperative | Postoperative (follow up – number of patients) | |||||||||||
| Lipsman et al. (24) | Prospective, uncontrolled | May 2012– January 2013 | Toronto, Canada | 4 | 70.8 ± 7.8 (58–77) | 4, 0 | 17.8 ± 8.2 (6–25) | VIM | Standard | 3 month | 70.75 ± 17.0 | 35.25 ± 9.5 | NA | NA | 7.25 ± 1.9 (out of 12) | 1.25 ± 0.82 (3 m) | 20.75 ± 3.9 | 10.25 ± 2.8 | NA | NA |
| Elias et al. (25) | Prospective, uncontrolled | February–December 2011 | Virginia, USA | 15 | 66.6 ± 8.0 (53 to 79) | 10, 5 | 32.0 ± 21.3 (4–60) | VIM | Standard | 1 year | 54.9 ± 14.4 | 24.3 ± 14.8 | NA | NA | 20.4 ± 5.2 (out of 32) | 4.3 ± 3.5 (3 m), 5.2 ± 4.8 (1 yr) | 18.2 ± 4.1 | 2.8 ± 3.4 | NA | NA |
| Chang et al. (26) | Prospective, uncontrolled | March–November 2012 | Seoul, Korea | 8 | 66.1 ± 5.3 (61–78) | 7, 1 | 32.1 ± 16.1 (15–57) | VIM | Standard | 6 month | NA | NA | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 1.4 | NA | NA | 13.5 ± 3.7 | 2.8 ± 2.8 | NA | NA |
| Gallay et al. (27) | Prospective, uncontrolled | NA | Solothurn and Bern, Switzerland | 21 | 69.1 ± 9.2 | 15, 6 | 29.9 ± 15 | CTT | Standard | 1 year | 57.6 ± 13.2 | 25.8 ± 17.6 (1 yr−10) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Elias et al. (47) (Treatment group)* | Randomized Control Trial | August 2013–September 2014 | Multicentric-8 | 56 | 70.8 ± 8.7 | 37, 19 | 28.3 ± 16.4 | VIM | Standard | 1 year | 50.1 ± 14.0 | 29.6 ± 13 (3 m); 32.4 ± 14.5 (12 m) | NA | NA | 18.1 ± 4.8 (out of 32) | 9.6 ± 5.1 (3 m), 10.9 ± 4.5 (1 yr) | 16.5 ± 4.6 | 6.2 ± 5.6 (3 m), 6.3 ± 6.2 (1 yr) | 42.6 ± 18.3 | 23.1 ± 16.9 (3 m), 41.4 ± 19.4 (1 yr) |
| Elias et al. (47) (Sham Crossover)* | Randomized Control Trial | August 2013–September 2014 | Multicentric-8 | 21 (19 crossover, 2 retreat) | 71.4 ± 7.3 | 15, 5 | 27.9 ± 14.9 | VIM | Standard | 1 year | 45.43 ± 12.55 | 23.48 ± 10.95 (3 m); 25.00 ± 11.11 (6 m); 18.67 ± 16.02 (1 yr−9) | NA | NA | 16.5 ± 4.21 (out of 32) | 7.43 ± 3.88 (3 m),8.00 ± 3.86 (6 m), 6.71 ± 4.7 (1 yr−9) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Chang et al. (48) | 2 year follow up of patients in RCT by Elias et al. (47) | August 2013–September 2014 | Multicentric-8 | 76 (67 followed till 2 years) | 71.0 ± 8.3 (47–89) | 52, 24 | 16.8 ± 12.3 | VIM | Standard | 2 year | NA | NA | NA | NA | 19.8 ± 4.9 (out of 32) | 8.9 ± 4.8 (1 yr−70), 8.8 ± 5.0 (2 yr−67) | 16.4 ± 4.5 | 5.4 ± 5.3 (1 yr −70) 6.5 ± 5.0 (2 yr−67) | NA | NA |
| Halpern et al. (49) | 3 year follow up of patients in RCT by Elias et al. (47) | August 2013–September 2014 | Multicentric-8 | 76 (52 followed till 3 years) | 71.0 ± 8.3 (47–89) | 52, 24 | 16.8 ± 12.3 | VIM | Standard | 3 year | NA | NA | NA | NA | 20.1 ± 4.7 (out of 32) | 9.5 ± 5.4 | 16.4 ± 4.5 | 7.5 ± 6.1 | 43.1 ± 18.3 | 23.8 ± 19.6 |
| Zaroor et al. (28) | Prospective, uncontrolled | November 2013–January 2016 | Haifa, Israel | 18 | 73.1 ± 6.2 (64–87) | 12, 6 | 15.5 ± 9.3 (5–30) | VIM | Standard | 12.5 ± 7.0 (3–24) month | 40.7 ± 11.6 | 9.3 ± 7.1 (1 m); 8.2 ± 5.0 (6 m) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 44.8 ± 12.9 | 13.1 ± 13.2 (1 m); 12.3 ± 7.2 (6 m) |
| Schreglmann et al. (29) | Prospective, uncontrolled | NA | St. Gallen, Switzerland | 6 | 70.7 ± 8.5 (58–82) | 2, 4 | 24.5 ± 22.5 (2–56) | CTT | Standard | 6 month | 43.8 ± 9.8 | 19.8 ± 6.8 | NA | NA | 14.3 ± 4.9 (out of 32) | 2.5 ± 2.6 | NA | NA | NA | 52% improvement |
| Kim et al. (30) | Retrospective | 2012–2014 | Seoul, South Korea | 23 | 64.7 (47–77) | 20, 3 | 20.5 (5–54) | VIM | Standard | 1 year | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | (>90% improvement was taken as success) 21 patients (91.3%) at 1 m, 18 (78.3%) at 12 m | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Chazen et al. (31) | Prospective, uncontrolled | NA | New York, USA | 4 | 64.25 ± 11.7 | 3, 1 | NA | CTT | DTI based | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3.75 ± 1.0 (out of 15) | 0.25 ± 0.50 (Immediate post treatment) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Federau et al. (32) | Retrospective | August 2013–May 2014 | Stanford, USA | 7 | 78 ± 6 | 5, 2 | NA | VIM | Standard | 1 year | NA | NA | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 21.5 ± 2.0 (out of 32) | 9.7 ± 5.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Jung et al. (33) | Prospective, uncontrolled | March 2012–September 2014 | Seoul, South Korea | 20 | 64.1 (47–77) | 17, 3 | 21.2 (5–54) | VIM | Standard | 1 year | 44.75 ± 9.57 | 14.65 ± 9.19 | 12.60 ± 3.80 | 2.75 ± 3.18 | 18.15 ± 3.96 (out of 32) | 5.80 ± 4.53 | 12.80 ± 3.17 | 5.75 ± 4.25 | 64.16 ± 17.75 | 27.38 ± 13.96 |
| Iacopino et al. (34) | Prospective, uncontrolled | January 2015–September 2017 | Palermo, Italy | 13 | 65.22 ± 11.87 | 10, 3 | 22.38 (3–70) | VIM | Standard | 6 month | 40.2 ± 11.8 | 17.3 ± 7.31 (3 m); 17.7 ± 8.80 (11 pts−6 m) | NA | NA | 6.4 ± 2.97 (out of 16) | 2.1 (3 m), 2.2 (6 m−11) | NA | NA | 35.09± 12.25 | 17.09 ± 10.67(3 m), 18.44 ± 13.76 (6 m−11) |
| Krishna et al. (35) | Prospective, uncontrolled | July 2015–September 2016 | Ohio, USA | 10 | 70.8 ± 9.7 | 6, 4 | 34.3 ± 22.1 | VIM | DTI based | 6 month | 59.3 ± 17.3 | 29 ± 16 (3 m), 32 ± 15.9 (6 m−9) | 20.7 ± 8 | 11.6 ± 6.5 (3 m) | 17.4 ± 4.5 (out of 32) | 6.5 ± 3.7 (3 m) | 18.1 ± 5.1 | 4.3 ± 4.4 (3 m) | 81.7 ± 17.7 | 45.3 ± 11.6 (3 m), 45.6 ± 10.8 (6 m−9) |
| Boutet et al. (36) | Retrospective | May 2012–August 2017 | Toronto, Canada | 66 | 72.4 ± 8.4 | 47, 19 | 23.0 ± 14.4 | VIM | NA | 3 month | 59.7 ± 17.4 | 34.8 ± 14.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Park et al. (37) | Prospective, uncontrolled [4 year follow up of patients reported in RCT by Elias et al. (47)] | October 2013–August 2014 | Seoul, South Korea | 12 | 61.7 ± 8.1 (47–72) | 10, 2 | 17.8 ± 13.03 (7–54) | VIM | Standard | 4 year | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17.4 ± 3.8 (out of 32) | 5.3 ± 3.4 (1 yr), 6.9 ± 5.9 (2 yr), 7.5 ± 5.3 (3 yr), 7.7 ± 4.1 (4 yr) | 12.7 ± 3.0 | 2.9 ± 2.4 (1 yr), 5.1 ± 3.6 (2 yr), 4.4 ± 3.3 (3 yr), 4.7 ± 3.0 (4 yr) | NA | NA |
| Hori et al. (38) | Retrospective | April 2015–October 2017 | Tokyo, Japan | 12 | 76.5 ± 3.8 (67–82) | 9, 3 | Median 15 (10–70) | VIM | Standard | 1 year | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pineda-Pardo et al. (39) | Prospective, uncontrolled | NA | Madrid, Spain | 24 | 68.0 ± 10.1 | 17, 7 | 18.6 ± 12.8 | VIM + CTT | Atlas + DTI based (to extend the target) | 1 year | 52.9 ± 13.0 | 23.8 ± 8.3 (3 m); 26.4 ± 11.3 (1 yr−19) | 5.6 ± 1.8 | 1.0 ± 0.9 (3 m), 1.5 ± 1.3 (1 yr−19) | NA | NA | 17.3 ± 4.8 | 4.2 ± 4.1 (0–15) (3 m), 5.4 ± 4.9 (0–19) (1 yr−19) | NA | NA |
| Yang et al. (50) | Case Report | NA | Philadelphia, USA | 1 | 74 | 1, 0 | 1 | CTT | DTI based | 3 month | 25 | 5 (3 m) | NA | NA | 10 (out of 32) | 1 (3 m) | 9 | 0 (3 m) | NA | NA |
| Jones et al. (40) | Retrospective | July 2015–July 2018 | Toronto, Canada | 19 low temperature (LT), 30 high temperature (HT) | NA | NA | NA | VIM | Standard | 1 year | NA | NA | NA | NA | 20.5 ± 5.8 (Low Temperature - LT), 20.3 ± 5.0 (Hight Temperature - HT) (out of 32) | Improvement by 53% ± 32 and 51% ± 22% at 3 m, 45% ± 55% and 44% ± 22% (1 yr−9 LT, 27 HT) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Sinai et al. (41) | Prospective, uncontrolled | Nov 2013–Nov 2018 | Haifa, Israel | 44 | Median 70.5 (63–87) | 27, 17 | 16.3 ± 10.4 (1–30) | VIM | Standard | Median 12 month | Median 46.0 | Median 12.0 (1 m−44); 18.0 (1 yr−24); 11.0 (2 yr−15); 16.0 (3 yr−10); 14.0 (4 yr−6); 8.0 (5 yr−2) | NA | NA | Median 19 (out of 32) | Median 0.0 (1 m−44); 4.0 (1 yr−24); 4.0 (2 yr−15); 3.5 (3 yr−10); 5.0 (4 yr−6); 3.0 (5 yr−2) | NA | NA | 41.5 | Median 5.5 (1 m−44); 14.0 (0–89) (1 yr−24); 15.0 (2 yr−15); 15.5 (3 yr−10); 14.5 (4 yr−6); 11.0 (5 yr−2) |
| Chang et al. (42) | Prospective, uncontrolled | since 2013 | Seoul, South Korea | 50 | 66.65 ± 9.95 (45–80) | 42, 8 | NA | VIM | Standard | 17.8 ± 19.8 (1–60) month | NA | NA | NA | NA | 12.12 ± 0.51 (out of 32) | 5.88 ± 0.52 | 12.52 ± 0.52 | 3.64 ± 0.47 | NA | NA |
| Miller et al. (43) | Retrospective | July 2014–August 2016 | Baltimore, USA | 4 | NA | NA | NA | VIM + CTT | Atlas + DTI based (to extend the target) | 3 month (1 patient died of unrelated cause after 3 months. For the rest, benefit was sustained till 1 year follow up, no scores mentioned) | 57.5 ± 16.8 | 29.5 ± 6.4 | NA | NA | 6.5 ± 1.0 (out of 16) | 0.75 ± 0.9 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Krishna et al. (44) (Pivotal)* | Retrospective | 2013–2015 | Multicentric - 8 | 75 (treatment + sham crossover) | 71.3 ± 8.4 | 51, 24 | 16.8 ± 12.3 | VIM | Standard | 1 year | NA | NA | NA | NA | 19.9 ± 5 (out of 32) | Improvement: 56.3 ± 25.5% (3 m), 52.1 ± 24.9% (1 yr) | NA | Improvement : 68.3 ± 27.6% (3 m), 65.9 ± 30.9% (1 yr) | NA | NA |
| Krishna et al. (44) (Post Pivotal)* | Retrospective | 2015–2016 | Multicentric - 18 | 114 | 71 ± 9.5 | 80, 34 | 15.4 ± 13.3 | VIM | Standard | 1 year | NA | NA | NA | NA | 19.3 ± 5 (out of 32) | Improvement: 63.6 ± 26.1% (3 m), 61.9 ± 24.9% (1 yr) | NA | Improvement: 72.3 ± 25.9% (3 m), 66.1 ± 32.1% (1 yr) | NA | NA |
| Gallay et al. (45) | Prospective, uncontrolled | After 2016 | Solothurn & Bern, Switzerland | 10 | 66 ± 8 years | 8, 2 | 31 ± 14 | CTT (3 patients also had a contralateral centrum medianum thalamotomy) | Standard | 1 year | 48 ± 12 | 16 ± 7 (3 m); 17 ± 8 (1 yr) | 11.8 ± 3.9 | 3.6 ± 1.5 (3 m), 4.3 ± 1.9 (1 yr) | NA | NA | 14.2± 3.4 | 2.6 ± 2.0 (3 m), 3.4 ± 2.6 (1 yr) | NA | NA |
| Paff et al. (51) | Case Report | NA | Toronto, Canada | 1 | 93 | 1, 0 | 40 | VIM | Standard | 1 year | NA | 52% improvement | NA | NA | NA | 64% improvement in hand score | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Buch et al. (52) | Case Report | NA | Philadephia, USA | 1 | 80 | 1, 0 | NA | VIM + CTT | DTI based | 6 week | NA | NA | NA | NA | 20 (out of 32) | 2 | 21 | 2 | NA | NA |
| Fukutome et al. (46) | Retrospective | May 2016–August 2017 | Nara, Japan | 15 | 62.9 ± 11.3 (41–82) | 11, 4 | 21.5 ± 14.0 (2–47) | VIM | Standard | 1 year | NA | NA | NA | NA | 18.5 ± 5.8 (out of 32) | 4.6 ± 5.7 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; SD, standard deviation; VIM, ventral intermediate nucleus; CTT, cerebello-thalamic tract; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; NA, not available; m, month; yr, year.