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. 2021 May 20;12:2999. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22579-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a RT-qPCR quantification of mRNA levels of the mouse (left panel, n = 3 mice per tissue, male, C57Bl6N, 7–8 weeks old, skeletal muscle is quadriceps) and the human Fndc4 gene in the indicated tissues (right panel, n are shown on the figure and represent independent humans). Left panel: 2^∧ddCt values are shown, which are expressed relative to Fndc4 mRNA levels for the Sk.muscle group. Tbp is used as a housekeeping gene. Right panel: The human data were retrieved from the Protein Atlas Project database (URL: http://www.proteinatlas.org/search/Fndc4) and represent pTMP (read counts normalized to transcripts per million coding genes). Exact values are provided in the Source Data. Pearson’s correlation for human liver FNDC4 mRNA levels and fasting blood glucose levels (mmol/l) (b) and c blood glucose levels (mmol/l) 2 h post oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (n = 12 independent humans). d RT-qPCR quantification of human liver FNDC4 mRNA levels at the indicated groups. ND non-diabetic, T2D type 2 diabetes, Obese-IGT/IIT impaired glucose tolerance/impaired insulin tolerance (“Methods: Cross-sectional study—Leipzig”) (n represents independent humans and exact numbers per group are shown on the figure). Statistics represent unpaired two-tailed t test. mRNA levels are provided as mRNA quantity (calculated based on the standard curve method). e Serum levels of sFNDC4 ng/ml in paired blood samples from humans, who initially consumed a low-fat (LF) diet for 6 weeks and subsequently were given a high fat (HF) diet for 6 weeks (“Methods: NUGAT study-DIfE”). Serum was collected at the end of the LF diet period (LF) and at 1 week (HF 1 week) and 6 weeks (HF 6 weeks) of HFD diet (paired samples), n = 92 independent humans. Statistics represent paired, two-tailed t test. Data shown are mean ± SEM.p p-value, ns non-significant. Source data are provided as a Source data file.