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. 2021 May 7;8:673038. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.673038

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Copyright © 2021 Keiten-Schmitz, Röder, Hornstein, Müller-McNicoll and Müller.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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SUMO and the dynamics of PML nuclear bodies. PML NB formation begins with PML oligomerization via its N-terminal domain. UBC9 is recruited to PML oligomers and PML is SUMOylated. PML SUMOylation and consequential SUMO-SIM interactions further promote PML NB assembly and the recruitment of PML NB-associated proteins into PML NBs. Stimuli such as arsenic trioxide treatment can lead to multi- and polySUMOylation of PML and NB-associated proteins. The StUbL RNF4 can subsequently ubiquitylate PML, thereby targeting it for proteolytic degradation and causing the clearance of PML NBs.