Table 1.
Examples of MC-derived mediators
| Mediator class | Mediators |
|---|---|
| Preformed (immediate release) | |
| Lysosomal enzymes | Cathepsins (B, C, D, E, L) and β-hexosaminidase |
| Non-MC-specific proteases | Cathepsin G, Granzyme B,1 and Active caspase-3 |
| MC-specific proteases | Tryptases,1 chymases,1 and CPA31 |
| Proteoglycans | Serglycin (heparin and chondroitin sulphate) |
| Biogenic amines | Histamine1 and serotonin1 |
| Cytokines and chemokines | TNF, IL-4, CCL5, and CXCL8 |
| Growth factors | SCF, VEGF, FGF, NGF, and TGF-β |
| De novo synthesized (delayed release) | |
| Lipid mediators | PGD2, PGE2, LTB4, LTC4, and PAF |
| Cytokines | TNF, IFNγ, IL-1, −2, −3, −4, −5, −6, −9, −10, −13, and −33 |
| Chemokines | CCL1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 17, 20, and 22; CXCL2, 8, and 10 |
| Growth factors | SCF, VEGF, FGF, NGF, TGF-β, PDGF, and GM-CSF |
CPA3, carboxypeptidase A3; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; LTC4, leukotriene C4; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; LT, leukotriene; MC, mast cell; NGF, nerve growth factor; PAF, platelet activating factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PG, prostaglandin; SCF, stem cell factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.