Table 4.
Risk factors associated with amputation using Chi-square test
| Variable | Amputation % | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not Amputated | Amputated | ||
| Gender | |||
| Males | 81.3% | 18.8% | 0.297 |
| females | 84.6% | 15.4% | |
| Age | |||
| 18-30 years | 80.0% | 20.0% | 0.054 |
| 31-50 years | 90.7% | 9.3% | |
| >50 years | 79% | 21% | |
| Duration of diabetes | |||
| Newly diagnosed | 86.7% | 13.3% | 0.206 |
| 5-10 years | 86.4% | 13.6% | |
| 11-15 years | 77.6% | 22.4% | |
| 16-20 years | 83.3% | 16.7% | |
| >20 years | 73.1% | 26.9% | |
| Type of diabetes: | |||
| Type 1 | 78.8% | 21.2% | 0.366 |
| Type 2 | 82.6% | 17.4% | |
| Cause of ulcer | |||
| unknown | 72.7% | 27.3% | 0.009 |
| sharp injury | 88.6% | 11.4% | |
| tight shoes | 93.8% | 6.3% | |
| cellulitis | 75.5% | 24.5% | |
| thermal (temperature) factor | 76.2% | 23.8% | |
| Size of ulcer | |||
| <2 cm | 100.0% | 0.00% | 0.000 |
| 2-5 cm | 88.6% | 11.4% | |
| >5 cm | 51.7% | 48.3% | |
| Ischemic heart diseases | |||
| yes | 41.2% | 58.8% | 0.000 |
| no | 87.1% | 12.9% | |
| Nephropathy | |||
| Yes | 46.2% | 53.8% | 0.002 |
| No | 83.7% | 16.3% | |
| Retinopathy | |||
| Yes | 64.8% | 35.2% | 0.000 |
| No | 94.1% | 5.9% | |
| Hypertension | |||
| Yes | 60.8% | 39.2% | 0.000 |
| No | 86.3% | 13.7% | |
| Smoking | |||
| Yes | 88.1% | 11.9% | 0.128 |
| No | 80.9% | 19.1% | |
| Chewing tobacco | |||
| Yes | 77.9% | 22.1% | 0.144 |
| No | 83.8% | 16.2% | |
| Neurological presentations | |||
| neuropathy | 89.9% | 10.1% | 0.000 |
| loss of muscles reflex | 73% | 27% | |
| pain | 64.2 | 35.8 | |