TABLE 2.

Comparison of feature parameter values between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm groups.

Feature	AF group	SR group	Significance	Mean difference and
	n = 169	n = 190	(2-sided)	[95% CI of the difference]
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Pulse-interval
PIN_mean	0.734 ± 0.134	0.892 ± 0.166	<0.00001	−0.158 [−0.189 to −0.126]
PIN_RMSSD	0.281 ± 0.102	0.122 ± 0.111	<0.00001	0.159 [0.136 to 0.181]
PIN_AFE	58.201 ± 13.838	−26.111 ± 36.605	<0.00001	84.312 [78.432 to 90.191]
PIN_COSEn	−0.411 ± 0.554	−1.981 ± 0.511	<0.00001	1.570 [1.459 to 1.680]
PIN_TPR	61.751 ± 6.059	48.836 ± 10.984	<0.00001	12.915 [11.054 to 14.776]
Amplitude
AMP_mean	64.380 ± 46.774	90.082 ± 57.042	<0.00001	−25.703 [−36.612 to −14.794]
AMP_RMSSD	27.782 ± 20.453	17.072 ± 16.800	<0.00001	10.710 [6.841 to 14.580]
AMP_SampEn	2.217 ± 1.073	1.774 ± 0.664	<0.00001	0.443 [0.260 to 0.626]
AMP_TPR	65.716 ± 6.536	57.169 ± 8.565	<0.00001	8.547 [6.951 to 10.144]
Morphology
AC	4.790 ± 1.544	14.723 ± 5.306	<0.00001	−9.933 [−10.766 to −9.101]

Values were calculated for each PPG feature for each patient individually in both rhythm groups. Numbers are mean ± standard deviation. Significance is between groups. AC, autocorrelation; AF, atrial fibrillation; AFE, AFEvidence; AMP, peak amplitude; CI, confidence interval; COSEn, coefficient of sample entropy; PIN, pulse interval; PPG, photoplethysmography; RMSSD, root mean square of successive pulse-to-pulse differences; SampEn, sample entropy; SD, standard deviation; SR, sinus rhythm and TPR, turning point ratio.