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. 2021 May 6;12:641059. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641059

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

NS1 specifically binds to negatively charged lipids. (A) Lipid binding selectivity of ZIKV NS1. ZIKV Myc-NS1 proteins were incubated with a lipid membrane strip spotted with a series of different lipids. Antibody against the Myc tag was used to detect NS1 bound to each lipid spot. (B) NS1 preferentially binds to PI4P containing liposomes. The co-floating assay was performed to examine NS1 association with the liposomes. NS1 co-floated with the liposomes were collected from the top layer and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. (C) Statistic analysis of NS1 co-floating efficiency in panel (B). The amount of co-floating NS1 was analyzed. The amount of NS1 bound to PI-liposomes was set as 100%. (D) NS1 remodels the liposomes in vitro. After incubation with NS1, the average diameter of liposomes was detected by DLS. (E) PI4P containing liposomes are more sensitive to NS1-induced liposome remodeling. A less amount of NS1 was incubated with liposomes containing PI or PI4P. In the presence of PI4P, the average diameter of liposomes was decreased after incubation with NS1. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. The p-values were obtained from a two-tailed t-test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.