Fig. 4.

Anti-tumour effect and biosafety of the cisplatin/hydrogel-loaded 3D-printed Ti₆Al₄V implants: histology and immunohistochemistry findings of the in vivo study. (A) Representative H&E staining and TUNEL assay of tumour sections under various treatments. Nuclei are stained blue (red arrow for karyolysis, green arrow for pyknosis, and blue arrow for karyorrhexis); the extracellular matrix and the cytoplasm are stained red. Green fluorescence indicates apoptotic cells in the TUNEL analysis. (B) Representative immunohistochemistry images of tumour sections from mice subjected to various treatments: ATR, p53, Bax, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3. Scale bars = 50 μm.