Table 1.
Sample Characteristics and Types of Population- and Individual-level Stressful Events Reported.
| n (%) | |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Gender | |
| Female | 7,458 (73.8) |
| Male | 2,588 (25.6) |
| Others | 64 (0.6) |
| Age group | |
| <25 | 4,906 (48.5) |
| 25 to 44 | 4,643 (45.9) |
| ≥45 | 561 (5.5) |
| Education | |
| Primary education or below | 12 (0.1) |
| Secondary education | 3,514 (34.8) |
| Bachelor’s degree or above | 6,501 (64.3) |
| Occupation | |
| Full-time employment | 4919 (48.7) |
| Unemployed | 878 (8.7) |
| Student | 3,723 (36.8) |
| Past history | |
| Past psychiatric history | |
| Yes | 1,845 (18.2) |
| Past adversity (before the age of 10) | |
| Parents absent from home continuously for a significant period of time | 3,270 (32.3) |
| Bullied at school | 2,564 (25.4) |
| Loss of a parent | 589 (5.8) |
| Physical abuse | 1,166 (11.5) |
| Emotional abuse | 2,336 (23.1) |
| Sexual abuse | 220 (2.2) |
| Others | 258 (2.6) |
| Any past adversity | 5,758 (57) |
| Precipitating events | |
| Social unrest-related traumatic events (TEs) | |
| Personally experienced physical attacks | 437 (4.3) |
| Experienced crowd dispersal by the use of force | 2,829 (28.0) |
| Experienced sexual violence | 49 (0.5) |
| Experienced arrest or detention | 300 (3.0%) |
| Experienced targeted verbal assaults/threats | 2,295 (22.7) |
| Witnessed (in person) violent attacks on others | 3,717 (36.8) |
| Witnessed (online/in person) actions such as road blockages, property destruction, and things being set on fire | 7,651 (75.7) |
| Witnessed (online) others get violently attacked | 9,154 (90.5) |
| COVID-19 pandemic-related events (PEs) | |
| Lack of protective gear | 5,456 (54.0) |
| Working in high-risk environments | 1,217 (12) |
| Placed under quarantine | 279 (2.8) |
| Family members or significant others affected | 94 (0.9) |
| Feel lost about the future | 6,600 (65.3) |
| Others | 333 (3.3) |
| Personal stressful life events (SLEs) | |
| Conflict with family | 4,869 (48.2) |
| Conflict with friends | 2,613 (25.8) |
| Being bullied | 316 (3.1) |
| Being abused (physical, emotional, sexual) | 73 (0.7) |
| Self-initiated termination of employment/ studies | 511 (5.1) |
| Dismissed from job/expelled from school | 334 (3.3) |
| Serious physical health conditions | 832 (8.2) |
| Passing away of a significant other | 637 (6.3) |
| Experienced legal actions or being charged | 318 (3.1) |
| Others | 833 (8.2) |
Note. Data are presented in the form of n (%). COVID-2019 = coronavirus disease 2019.