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. 2021 May 21;43(2):213–226. doi: 10.1007/s10834-021-09770-8

Table 2.

Daily time allocation within couples before and during lockdown

Panel (A):
Before Lockdown
Panel (B):
During Lockdown
Panel (C): Difference
Women (daily hours) Men (daily hours) Average Within-Couple Gap Women (daily hours) Men (daily hours) Average Within-Couple Gap Within-Couple Gap Change
Mean S.D Mean S.D (i) Mean S.D Mean S.D (ii) (ii)-(i)
Paidwork 4.75 3.28 6.58 2.96 − 1.83*** 3.59 3.49 5.08 3.46 1.48*** 0.35*
Housework 3.73 2.46 1.62 1.97 2.11*** 4.42 2.46 1.99 2.00 2.44*** 0.32***
Childcare 4.34 3.27 1.84 2.28 2.50*** 4.78 3.36 2.13 2.45 2.65*** 0.15
Educ. childcare 2.48 2.43 1.04 1.71 1.44*** 3.27 2.68 1.28 1.93 1.98*** 0.54***
Leisure 2.10 1.87 2.28 2.00 − 0.17** 2.52 2.27 2.69 2.35 − 0.18* − 0.01

Average number of hours devoted by each member of the couple to each activity and average within-couple gap. Within-couple gaps are defined as daily hours allocated by the woman to a given activity minus hours allocated by the man. Difference in the average within-couple gap for each activity is calculated as the within-couple gap during the lockdown minus the within-couple gap before the lockdown. Columns (i), (ii) and (iii) report t-tests on the equality of means

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001