Table 1.
Average adult survival, reproduction (number of juveniles), adult light avoidance behavior (28 days), juvenile growth in the springtail chronic soil assay (28 days), and adult earthworm survival, in vivo cytotoxicities in coelomocytes, and histopathological alterations in earthworm reproductive tissues in the earthworm subchronic soil assay (21 days). The asterisk indicates significant decreases in the exposed groups compared to the control groups (p<0.05).
| Control group | Exposed group | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Springtail F. candida | Adult survival (%) | 93±10 | 93±10 |
| Adult light avoidance behavior (%) | 30±38 | 23±18 | |
| Adult esterase activity (% control) | 100±35 | 81±40 | |
| Adult oxidative stress (% control) | 100±65 | 105±45 | |
| Reproduction (% control) | 100±12 | 48±8* | |
| Juvenile growth (μm) | 412±60 | 383±68* | |
| Earthworm E. andrei | Adult survival (%) | 87±12 | 87±12 |
| Oxidative stress in coelomocytes (% control) | 100±19 | 94±14 | |
| Lysosomal stability in coelomocytes (% control) | 100±13 | 88±8 | |
| Esterase activity in coelomocytes (% control) | 100±22 | 62±20* | |
| Seminal vesicle (H&E scoring) | 2.1±0.9 | 0.8±0.9* | |
| Number of mature oocytes | 3.0±2.1 | 2.0±2.0 |