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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020 Oct 9;29(12):105351. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105351

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Directed acyclic graph depicting two direct causal pathways to symptomatic carotid stenosis. Pathway 1 depicts small dense LDL (sdLDL) as a mediator between metabolic syndrome and symptomatic carotid stenosis. Pathway 2 depicts a causal pathway way between metabolic syndrome and symptomatic carotid stenosis independent of sdLDL.