Table 5.
Beta-coefficients for selected variables in VCG + ECG-based models
| Input variable | Elastic net | Lasso | Adaptive | Plugin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0.220 | 0.287 | 0.321 | 0.037 |
| Ever tobacco smoker (yes-no) | 0.075 | 0.079 | 0.150 | |
| Hypertension (yes-no) | 0.162 | 0.186 | 0.323 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | −0.037 | −0.010 | −0.032 | |
| Peak QRS-T angle | 0.102 | 0.154 | 0.192 | 0.005 |
| Peak QRS elevation | 0.019 | — | — | |
| Area SVG azimuth | 0.018 | 0.001 | — | |
| Area T azimuth | 0.081 | 0.100 | 0.214 | |
| P V1 amplitude, µV | 0.017 | — | — | |
| P aVL duration, ms | 0.004 | — | — | |
| P aVL intrinsicoid, ms | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.104 | |
| P V4 intrinsicoid, ms | −0.011 | — | — | |
| Pprime III duration, ms | 0.024 | 0.015 | 0.040 | |
| Pprime V4 duration, ms | 0.027 | 0.027 | 0.048 | |
| Pprime aVF duration, ms | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.028 | |
| Pprime V6 area, µV*ms | −0.008 | — | — | |
| Q V3 amplitude, µV | 0.077 | 0.043 | 0.101 | |
| Q III amplitude, µV | 0.066 | 0.076 | 0.144 | |
| Q aVF amplitude, µV | 0.003 | — | — | |
| Q II duration, ms | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.102 | |
| Q V3 duration, ms | 0.159 | 0.211 | 0.252 | 0.056 |
| Q aVF duration, ms | 0.042 | 0.030 | 0.018 | |
| Q I intrinsicoid, ms | — | 0.022 | 0.066 | |
| Q aVF intrinsicoid, ms | 0.043 | 0.054 | 0.015 | |
| Q V1 intrinsicoid, ms | 0.029 | — | — | |
| Q aVL area, µV*ms | 0.006 | — | — | |
| R V4 duration, ms | 0.017 | 0.011 | 0.076 | |
| R aVL duration, ms | 0.026 | 0.005 | — | |
| R V1 area, µV*ms | 0.022 | 0.010 | — | |
| R V2 area, µV*ms | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.082 | |
| R V6 area, µV*ms | 0.003 | |||
| R III intrinsicoid, ms | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.056 | |
| R aVL intrinsicoid, ms | 0.034 | 0.031 | 0.084 | |
| R aVF intrinsicoid, ms | 0.051 | 0.047 | 0.153 | |
| R V6 intrinsicoid, ms | 0.036 | 0.025 | 0.056 | |
| S V1 duration, ms | −0.026 | −0.018 | −0.016 | |
| Rprime V4 amplitude, µV | 0.055 | 0.066 | 0.115 | |
| Rprime I area, µV*ms | 0.064 | 0.060 | 0.102 | |
| Rprime aVR area, µV*ms | 0.046 | 0.037 | 0.073 | |
| Sprime V4 amplitude, µV | 0.030 | 0.012 | 0.039 | |
| S prime V6 duration, ms | −0.0005 | — | — | |
| Sprime V1 area, µV*ms | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.089 | |
| Sprime V6 area, µV*ms | −0.005 | — | — | |
| Sprime V2 intrinsicoid, ms | −0.038 | −0.040 | −0.193 | |
| J-point amplitude in lead I, µV | −0.038 | — | — | |
| ST segment middle amplitude in aVR, µV | 0.031 | — | — | |
| Maximum of ST amplitude in aVR, µV | 0.024 | 0.012 | — | |
| Minimum of STJ and STM amplitudes in lead I, µV | −0.074 | — | — | −0.007 |
| Minimum of ST amplitudes in lead I, µV | — | −0.153 | −0.241 | |
| Minimum of either T amplitude or T-ST aVL, µV | −0.057 | −0.081 | −0.179 | |
| Peak-to-peak QRS complex amplitude II, µV | −0.045 | −0.033 | −0.168 | |
| T aVL amplitude, µV | −0.005 | — | — | |
| T area in lead I, µV*ms | −0.026 | — | — | |
| T area in aVL, µV*ms | −0.009 | — | — | |
| T V1 intrinsicoid, ms | 0.028 | 0.025 | 0.079 | |
| T V2 intrinsicoid, ms | 0.029 | 0.014 | 0.064 | |
| Tprime aVL amplitude, µV | −0.008 | — | — | |
| Tprime aVF amplitude, µV | 0.037 | 0.040 | 0.104 | |
| Tprime V1 area, µV*ms | 0.031 | 0.027 | 0.097 | |
| Tprime V4 area, µV*ms | −0.007 | — | — | |
| Tprime III area, µV*ms | 0.022 | 0.014 | 0.061 | |
| Tprime aVL area, µV*ms | −0.016 | −0.014 | −0.054 | |
| Tprime V2 intrinsicoid, ms | 0.006 | — | — | |
| T and Tprime area in lead I, µV*ms | −0.020 | — | — | |
| T and Tprime area in aVL, µV*ms | −0.024 | — | — | |
| Peak of T > ST in aVL (yes-no) | — | −0.004 | — | |
| ST depression V2 (yes-no) | 0.001 | — | — | |
| ST depression V3 (yes-no) | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.033 | |
| ST depression V4 (yes-no) | 0.020 | 0.007 | — | |
| ST elevation in lead I (yes-no) | −0.004 | — | — | |
| ST elevation in lead V1 (yes-no) | 0.004 | — | — | |
| ST elevation in lead V2 (yes-no) | 0.038 | 0.031 | 0.088 | |
| ST elevation in lead V4 (yes-no) | 0.0008 | — | — | |
| ST elevation in lead V6 (yes-no) | −0.009 | — | — | |
| J point elevated by 100 μV in lead V1 (yes-no) | −0.064 | −0.065 | −0.167 | |
| J point elevated by 100 μV in lead III (yes-no) | −0.019 | — | −0.115 | |
| J point elevated by 100 μV in lead aVF (yes-no) | — | −0.019 | — | |
| Delta-wave was detected in lead III (yes-no) | −0.022 | −0.021 | −0.058 | |
| Delta-wave was detected in aVL (yes-no) | −0.040 | −0.034 | −0.157 | |
| ST J-point elevated in V1 (yes-no) | −0.012 | −0.003 | — | |
| ST J-point elevated in V2 (yes-no) | −0.011 | −0.011 | −0.055 | |
| Frontal QRS-T angle, degrees | 0.069 | 0.069 | 0.040 | 0.003 |
| Constant | −2.30 | −2.31 | −2.51 | −4.92 |
STJ, end of QRS point amplitude; STM, middle of ST segment amplitude.