Table 2.

Independent samples test.

		Levene's Test for equality of variances		t-test for equality of Means
		F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference
Cases/population %, 2020	•Equal variances assumed	17.462	0.001	−7.079	153.000	0.001	−0.016	0.002
	•Equal variances not assumed			−6.431	88.151	0.001	−0.016	0.002
Fatality rate %, 2020	•Equal variances assumed	7.842	0.006	2.671	154.000	0.008	0.006	0.002
	•Equal variances not assumed			3.057	153.670	0.003	0.006	0.002
GDP per capita PPP ($), 2019	•Equal variances assumed	46.016	0.001	−17.345	153.000	0.000	−38095.761	2196.380
	•Equal variances not assumed			−13.984	63.132	0.001	−38095.761	2724.193
Health expenditure % of GDP, 2017	•Equal variances assumed	4.929	0.028	−4.127	154.000	0.001	−1.627	0.394
	•Equal variances not assumed			−3.859	96.660	0.001	−1.627	0.422
General government health expenditure per capita, PPP ($), 2017	•Equal variances assumed	163.442	0.001	−14.446	152.000	0.001	−2080.181	143.998
	•Equal variances not assumed			−11.412	59.484	0.001	−2080.181	182.286
Population ages 65 years and over as a percentage of population, 2019	•Equal variances assumed	21.540	0.001	−11.266	154.000	0.001	−9.244	0.821
	•Equal variances not assumed			−9.975	81.803	0.001	−9.244	0.927
Log PM2.5 air pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO guideline value (% of total), 2017	•Equal variances assumed	59.944	0.001	4.311	148.000	0.001	0.518	0.120
	•Equal variances not assumed			3.190	52.335	0.002	0.518	0.162
Log days COVID-19 lockdowns, 2020	•Equal variances assumed	3.749	0.057	−2.030	70.000	0.046	−0.433	0.213
	•Equal variances not assumed			−1.999	61.106	0.050	−0.433	0.217