FIGURE 1.

Ibudilast administration prevented FA-induced AKI. (A) Renal function was evaluated by measuring serum creatinine and (B) serum BUN levels. (C) Kidney tissue slices stained with HE, bar = 50 μm. Arrows indicate necrotic cells or cell debris; asterisks indicate dilated tubules. (D) Kidney tissue slices stained with PAS. The arrow indicates the brush border. (E) Tubular injury scoring was based on HE staining. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM, n = 5. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.