Table 4.
Results of multivariable analysis with comparison of mean pain scores between groups with and without the presence of pre and post-operative variable
| Variables | Mean average post-operative pain score (R2 = 0.08) | Standardized beta (SE) | P value | Mean most severe post-operative pain score (R2 = 0.08) | Standardized beta (SE) | P value | Mean post-operative pain score on day of follow-up (R2 = 0.04) | Standardized beta | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haematoma | 3.8 ± 2.2 | 0.15 (0.24) | < 0.0001 | 6.1 ± 3.1 | 0.16 (0.34) | <0.0001 | 2.4 ± 2.2 | 0.11 (0.23) | 0.0001 |
| No haematoma | 2.4 ± 2.1 | 4.0 ± 2.9 | 1.4 ± 2.0 | ||||||
| De novo surgery | 2.7 ± 2.2 | 0.14 (0.11) | <0.0001 | 4.5 ± 3.0 | 0.13 (0.16) | <0.0001 | 1.7 ± 2.0 | 0.11 (0.11) | <0.0001 |
| Non-de novo surgery | 2.1 ± 2.1 | 3.7 ± 2.9 | 1.3 ± 2.0 | ||||||
| Male | 2.3 ± 2.0 | −0.12 (0.13) | 0.0005 | 4.0 ± 2.9 | −0.09 (0.18) | 0.0009 | 1.4 ± 1.9 | −0.10 (0.12) | 0.0002 |
| Female | 2.8 ± 2.3 | 4.5 ± 3.1 | 1.8 ± 2.3 | ||||||
| Age | |||||||||
| <50 | 3.0 ± 1.8 | −0.15 (0.06) | < 0.0001 | 5.9 ± 2.7 | −0.16 (0.08) | <0.0001 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | −0.07 (0.06) | 0.0159 |
| 50–59 | 3.2 ± 2.2 | 5.2 ± 2.8 | 1.8 ± 1.9 | ||||||
| 60–69 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 4.3 ± 3.0 | 1.6 ± 2.0 | ||||||
| 70–79 | 2.4 ± 2.1 | 4.0 ± 2.9 | 1.5 ± 2.1 | ||||||
| ≥80 | 2.1 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 3.0 | 1.3 ± 2.0 | ||||||
| BMI | |||||||||
| <20 | 3.2 ± 2.4 | −0.07 (0.06) | 0.013 | 5.2 ± 3.4 | −0.06 (0.08) | 0.0203 | NA | NA | NA |
| 20–24 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 4.3 ± 3.0 | NA | ||||||
| 25–29 | 2.3 ± 2.1 | 4.0 ± 2.9 | NA | ||||||
| 30–34 | 2.4 ± 2.2 | 4.1 ± 3.1 | NA | ||||||
| 35–39 | 2.4 ± 2.0 | 4.1 ± 3.0 | NA |
The models are dichotomized for moderate to severe post-operative pain (>4) vs. mild post-operative pain (0–3).
BMI, body mass index; CSH, clinically significant haematoma; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; NS, not significant.