Table 2.
Differences in history of abuse and presence of PTSD between women in prison who had sustained a SHI and those who had not
| SHI group (n=85) | No-SHI group (n=24) | Total (n=109) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any childhood abuse | 62 (76%)* | 12 (50%) | 74 (70%) | 0·031 | |
| Sexual abuse | 50 (61%) | 9 (38%) | 59 (56%) | 0·061 | |
| Physical abuse | 37 (45%) | 4 (17%) | 41 (39%) | 0·016 | |
| Any adult abuse | 72 (88%)* | 18 (75%) | 90 (85%) | 0·22 | |
| Sexual abuse | 40 (49%) | 9 (38%) | 49 (46%) | 0·361 | |
| Physical abuse | 70 (85%) | 16 (67%) | 86 (81%) | 0·071 | |
| Any childhood or adult abuse | 81 (99%)* | 20 (83%) | 101 (95%) | 0·010 | |
| Repeated childhood abuse | 50 (62%)† | 8 (33%) | 58 (55%) | 0·026 | |
| Repeated adult abuse | 66 (80%)* | 11 (46%) | 77 (73%) | 0·002 | |
| Repeated childhood or adult abuse | 76 (93%)* | 15 (62%) | 91 (86%) | 0·001 | |
| Childhood abuse causing PTSD | 59 (74%)‡ | 10 (42%) | 69 (66%) | 0·008 | |
| Adult abuse causing PTSD | 69 (84%)* | 16 (67%) | 85 (80%) | 0·11 | |
| Any childhood or adult abuse causing PTSD | 78 (96%)† | 19 (79%) | 97 (92%) | 0·019 | |
| PCL-5 score | 49 (17; 8–77)* | 34 (20; 1–70) | 45 (19; 1–77) | 0·001 | |
| Current PTSD§ | 63 (77%)* | 9 (38%) | 72 (68%) | 0·001 | |
Data are n (%) or mean (SD; range). SHI=significant head injury. PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder. PCL-5=PTSD checklist for DSM-5.
*
Data available for 82 participants.
†
Data available for 81 participants.
‡
Data available for 80 participants.
§
Defined as a PCL-5 score above 32 and fulfilment of criteria for intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance.