Table 3.

Review of literature concerning FOS in continuous or prolonged infusion (clinical studies).

Author, country and year	Type of paper	Methods	Bacteria (number)	Combination or comparison with	FOS dosing regimens	Comments
Merino-Bohórquez et al. 2018 [29]	Original article (clinical trial)	Bacteraemic UTI; Monte Carlo simulation	MDR E. coli (16)	-	4 g q6hr PI (non-superior: 8 g q8hr PI)	Decrease 1-log bacterial burden in 89–96% (EUCAST breakpoints) and 33–54% (CLSI breakpoints) of patients.
Matzneller et al. 2019 [30]	Abstract	Clinical (healthy volunteers)	P. aeruginosa*	-	1 g/hr CI preceded by a LD of 8 g over 30 min	CI resulted in 100% PTA for MICs up to 128 mg/L. Intermittent intravenous infusion resulted in markedly lower % PTA.
Eckburg et al. 2017 [31] Kaye et al. 2019 [32]	Original article (clinical trial)	184 hospitalized patients with complicated UTI or acute pyelonephritis (+ 231 treated with piperacillin-tazobactam)	Enterobacterales, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex, E. faecalis, S. aureus, S. saprophyticus	-	ClCr ≥ 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 6 g q8hr PI	FOS resulted as non-inferior to piperacillin-tazobactam. FOS resulted in overall success rate of 64.7% (119/184 patients). PIP/TAZ resulted in overall success rate of 54.5% (97/178 patients).
Al Jalali et al. 2020 [33]	Original article (clinical trial)	Randomized crossover study in 8 healthy volunteers	- (PK/PD study)	-	8 g over 30 min LD + 1 g/hr CI	Comparison with intermittent infusion 8 g over 30 min every 8 hr showed better PK/PD parameters in volunteers who received CI.

*The study was conducted on healthy volunteers and data obtained were compared with representative MICs of P. aeruginosa isolates

FOS, fosfomycin; PIP/TAZ, piperacillin/tazobactam; CI, continuous infusion; PI, prolonged infusion; LD, loading dose; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MDR, multidrug-resistant; PK, pharmacokinetics; PD, pharmacodynamics; ClCr, creatinine clearance; UTI, urinary tract infection