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. 2021 Jan 8;141(6):1007–1023. doi: 10.1007/s00402-020-03725-8

Table 1.

Generalities and demographics of included studies

Author, year Journal Type of study Type of implant Tourniquet protocol Tourniquet pressure (mmHg) Samples (n) Mean Age (years) Female (%) BMI (g/m2)
Abdel-Salam et al. [17] J Bone Joint Surg RCT PS Cemented Absence 40 72.00 57.50
Full-time SBP doubled 40 74.00 62.50
Aglietti et al. [18] Cin Orthop Rel Res RCT Cemented Incision to cementation 10 70.00 70.00
Absence 10 68.00 60.00
Ajnin et al. [19] J Clin Orthop Trauma PCS CR Cemented Absence 29 73.00 33.00
Full-time 300 29 73.00 33.00
Alexandersson et al. [20] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc RCT Mixed Cemented Absence 43 69.70 48.83 27.90
Full-time 300 38 68.00 52.63 28.60
Ayik et al. [21] J Knee Surg RCT PS Cemented Absence 33 64.90 57.57 30.31
Full-time SBP + 100 32 65.39 56.25 31.38
Bakker et al. [22] Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim RCS Full-time SBP + 50 300 65.00 64.33 28.90
Absence 300 65.00 58.33 29.20
Barker et al. [23] J Orthop Traumatol RCS Uncemented Absence 53 62.00 52.83 33.20
Incision to cementation 300 51 63.00 64.70 34.40
de Barros et al. [24] Rev Bras Ortop RCS CR Cemented Full-time 75 67.00 73.30
Absence 42 67.00 71.43
Barwell et al. [25] J Bone Joint Surg RCT Mixed Cemented Full-time 44 71.00 65.90
Incision to cementation 44 69.00 72.72
Burg et al. [26] J Musc Res RCS CR Cemented Full-time 49 71.60 79.22
Cementation to end 28 72.50 79.22
Cao et al. [27] J Orthop Surg RCT PS Cemented Full-time 51 64.90 72.54 24.36
Cementation to end 51 65.20 74.51 24.52
Concina et al. [28] Acta Biomed RCS PS Cemented Incision to wound suture 51 73.00 61.76
Cementation 50 70.00 68.00
Dennis et al. [29] Clin Orthop Relat Res RCT Full-time 250 28 62.00 42.85 29.00
Absence or cementation 250 28 62.00 42.85 29.00
Ejaz et al. [30] Acta Orthop RCT CR Cemented Absence 31 68.00 45.16 25.00
Full-time 250 33 68.00 45.45 25.00
Ejaz et al. [31] Arthroplasty J RCT CR Cemented Absence 28 68.20 46.43 25.20
Full-time 250 29 68.30 55.17 25.10
Fan et al. [32] Knee RCT PS Cemented Full-time SBP + 100 30 65.37 76.66 27.24
Cementation SBP + 100 30 63.27 70.00 26.26
Fukuda et al. [33] Arch Orthop Trauma Surg PCS Cemented Absence 21 73.10 85.71 26.50
Full-time 350 27 71.20 85.19 26.10
Goel et al. [34] J Bone Joint Surg RCT CR Cemented Absence 100 65.50 52.00 31.30
Full-time 225–300 100 66.00 50.00 30.90
Guler et al. [35] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc RCS PS Cemented Full-time 70 67.40 85.71
Absence 78 65.80 82.05
Harsten et al. [36] Knee RCT CR Cemented Absence 32 66.00 43.75 28.39
Full-time 32 68.00 46.87 27.41
Harvery et al. [37] Arthroplasty J RCT Cemented Absence 28 73.40
Cementation 16 72.40
Full-time 36 68.30
Hasanain et al. [38] Arthroplasty J RCT PS Cemented Full-time 54 62.93 63.00 32.41
Cementation SBP + 100–150 54 62.93 63.00 32.41
Hassouna et al. [39] EC Orthop PCS CR Cemented Full-time 300 48 69.00 66.66 29.30
Cementation to end 104 69.00 55.33 28.80
Huang et al. [40] Arch Orthop Trauma Surg PCS Cemented Full-time SBP + 100 30 66.20 66.66 26.10
Incision to cementation 30 66.10 66.66 25.90
Cementation 30 66.30 63.33 26.50
Jawhar et al. [41] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc RCT Cemented Full-time 380 15 70.60 53.33 32.10
Absence 15 70.60 53.33 33.80
Jawhar et al. [42] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc RCT Cemented Full-time 360 43 70.00 62.79 31.90
Absence 43 71.00 62.79 31.90
Jawhar et al. [43] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc RCT Cemented Full-time 360 50 69.30 34.00 31.90
Absence 49 68.30 61.22 31.40
Jorn et al. [44] Acta Orthop Scand RCT PS Mixed Full-time 300 35 71.00 57.14 27.96
Incision to wound suture 42 71.00 78.57 28.78
Kato et al. [45] Anesthesiology RCT Absence 24 63.00
Full-time 350 22 65.00
Kim et al. [46] BMC Musc Dis RCT mixed Cemented Incision to cementation 255 80 71.00 91.00 27.10
Incision to cementation 233.9 80 71.80 85.00 27.40
Kirmani et al. [47] Int J Res Orthop PCS Cemented Full-time 52 69.80 67.30
Absence 146 73.00 65.80
Kumar et al. [48] J Clin Orthop Trauma RCT Incision to wound suture SBP + 100 30 58.00 70.00
Absence 30 58.00 70.00
Ledin et al. [49] Acta Orthop RCT CR Cemented Full-time 275 25 70.00 29.00
Absence 23 71.00 28.00
Li et al. [50] Int Orthop RCT PS Cemented Full-time SBP + 100 40 71.00 27.30
Absence 40 70.00 26.80
Li et al. [51] Medicine RCS Full-time 94 65.34 90.40 24.50
Absence 36 65.08 83.30 25.00
Liu et al. [52] Knee Surg Relat Res RCT PS Cemented Full-time 300 10 67.00 30.00 25.57
Absence 10 70.00 10.00 27.09
Liu et al. [53] Int J Clin Exp Med RCT PS Cemented Full-time SBP + 125 26 65.80 69.23 28.20
Absence 26 65.80 69.23 28.20
Liu et al. [54] Orthop Surg RCT PS Cemented Full-time SBP + 125 52 67.00 28.10
Absence 52 67.00 28.10
Manero et al. [55] Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim PCS Cemented Incision to wound suture 280 48 72.69 62.50
Full-time 48 71.54 70.80
Matziolis et al. [56] Orthopäde RCS Cemented Absence 300 285 67.70 58.24
Full-time 262 68.50 59.92
Mittal et al. [57] J Surg RCT Cemented Cementation 300 31 67.50 81.00 32.50
Incision to cementation 300 34 66.60 74.00 32.60
Molt et al. [58] Knee RCT Mixed Cemented Full-time 300 30 70.00 53.30 28.00
Absence 30 67.00 53.30 28.00
Mori et al. [59] Knee RCT PS Cemented Full-time 250 51 72.80 88.23 27.70
Absence 52 74.60 82.69 29.20
Mutlu et al. [60] Int J Surg RCS PS Cemented Incision to cementation SBP + 150 61 67.20 78.10
Absence 65 65.80 72.20
Na et al. [61] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc RCT PS Cemented Incision to cementation 253 105 72.00 94.00 26.80
Short deflation before capsule closure 256 101 73.00 93.00 26.90
Ozkunt et al. [8] Medicine RCT CR Cemented Full-time 24 65.05 100.00
Cementation 20 65.05 100.00
Absence 25 65.05 100.00
Paredes-Carnero et al. [62] Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol RCS PS Cemented Incision to wound suture 250–370 101 73.52 30.00
Full-time 250–370 100 75.62 30.00
Pfitzner et al. [63] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc RCT PS Cemented Full-time 350 45 69.30 53.33 27.80
Absence 45 70.50 75.55 26.00
Rathod et al. [64] J Knee Surg PCS PS Cemented Full-time 40 64.10 57.50 31.60
Cementation 40 63.60 50.00 29.10
Schnettler et al. [65] J Bone Joint Surg RCS Cemented Cementation 250 45 64.69 67.00 30.24
Absence 36 65.60 69.00 31.39
Tai et al. [66] J Bone Joint Surg RCT Cemented Incision to wound suture SBP + 100 36 72.10 75.00 28.60
Absence 36 72.50 77.77 27.90
Tarwala et al. [67] Clin Orthop Relat Res RCT PS Cemented Incision to cementation 250 39 66.10 56.41 29.90
Cementation 250 40 64.60 55.00 31.40
Teitsma et al. [68] Orthop Muscular Syst PCS PS Cemented Absence 47 65.00 51.06 27.10
Full-time 250 49 63.00 67.34 28.39
Tetro et al. [69] Canadian J Surg RCT Incision to cementation SBP + 125–150 33 69.80 54.54
Absence 30 69.80 63.33
Touzopoulos et al. [70] Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol RCS CR Cemented Absence 50 69.92 84.00 31.32
Full-time 350 50 70.73 84.00 31.04
Unver et al. [71] Orthop Nur PCS CR Cemented Full-time AOP 17 68.00 82.35 30.80
Full-time 300 21 67.30 85.71 32.00
Vaishya et al. [72] J Clin Orthop Trauma RCT Cemented Incision to cementation SBP + 150 40
Cementation SBP + 150 40
Vandenbussche et al. [73] Int Orthop RCT PS Cemented Full-time 350 40 72.50 77.50
Absence 40 68.50 60.00
Vertullo et al. [7] J Orthop Surg RCT PS Cemented Cementation 300 20 67.85 50.00 30.43
Absence 20 65.65 45.00 31.00
Wakankar et al. [74] J Bone Joint Surg RCT Cemented Full-time SBP doubled 37 72.50 70.27
Absence 40 71.80 65.00
Wang et al. [75] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc RCT Cemented Incision to cementation SBP + 100 25 72.30 80.00 28.80
Cementation SBP + 100 25 72.50 84.00 29.10
Watter et al. [76] Reconstr Rev RCS Cemented Absence 100 63.80 57.00 29.80
Cementation 100 67.30 65.00 28.40
Incision to cementation 100 63.00 63.00 31.90
Wauche et al. [77] Arch Orthop Trauma Surg RCT Uncemented Full-time SBP + 100 19 63.20
Absence 18 61.40
Widman et al. [78] Acta Orthop Scand RCT CR Cemented Incision to wound suture 300–350 46 72.00 76.08
Full-time 300–350 39 71.00 71.79
Yavarikia et al. [79] Pak J Biol Sci RCT CR Cemented Absence 220–275 31 66.00 75.86
Incision to cementation 220–275 36 64.00 72.72
Zan et al. [80] Bone Joint Res RCS PS Cemented Full-time 220–275 29 68.00 72.72
Incision to cementation 250 196 69.40 57.14 25.70
Full-time 250 200 69.60 60.50 26.10
Zhang et al. [81] Ir J Med Sci RCT Cemented Full-time 317 50 70.30 52.00 29.30
Incision to cementation 316 50 71.00 60.00 29.10
Osteotomy to end 322 30 68.20 83.33 29.60
Zhou et al. [82] J Orthop Surg Res RCT PS Cemented Absence 68 69.10 89.71 25.70
Full-time 72 66.80 81.94 26.10

SBP systolic blood pressure, AOP arterial occlusion pressure