Table 2.
Point Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals for Mean Change From Baseline in Outcomes for Protein Intake and Testosterone Effects
| Variables | *Comparison Between Protein Groups | *Comparison between Testosterone Groups | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein 0.8 g | Protein 1.3 g | Difference | p Value | Placebo | Testosterone | Difference | p Value | |
| Fasting Glucose, mg/dL | 3.85 (−0.96, 8.65) | 0.42 (−4.22, 5.06) | −3.42 (−10.1, 3.27) | .31 | 3.00 (−1.55, 7.55) | 1.27 (−3.61, 6.14) | −1.73 (−8.40, 4.94) | .61 |
| Insulin, uIU/mL | 2.07 (0.74, 3.41) | 0.90 (−0.40, 2.21) | −1.17 (−3.05, 0.71) | .22 | 1.65 (0.37, 2.93) | 1.33 (−0.02, 2.68) | −0.32 (−2.19, 1.54) | .73 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.72 (0.13, 1.31) | 0.24 (−0.33, 0.81) | −0.48 (−1.30, 0.34) | .25 | 0.61 (0.05, 1.16) | 0.35 (−0.25, 0.95) | −0.26 (−1.07, 0.56) | .53 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dL | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.08) | .73 | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.08) | .69 |
| Leptin, ng/mL | −1.02 (−5.92, 3.88) | −3.74 (−8.56, 1.08) | −2.72 (−9.66, 4.22) | .44 | 4.99 (0.31, 9.67) | −9.75 (−14.8, −4.75) | −14.7 (−21.6, −7.9) | <.001 |
| Adiponectin, µg/mL | −0.65 (−1.08, −0.23) | −0.38 (−0.78, 0.03) | 0.28 (−0.31, 0.87) | .35 | −0.30 (−0.70, 0.10) | −0.73 (−1.16, −0.30) | −0.43 (−1.02, 0.16) | .15 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 0.07 (−0.41, 0.54) | 0.24 (−0.21, 0.68) | 0.17 (−0.48, 0.82) | .61 | 0.14 (−0.30, 0.59) | 0.16 (−0.31, 0.63) | 0.02 (−0.64, 0.67) | .96 |
| VAT area, cm2 | 6.51 (−2.16, 15.2) | −10.7 (−19.5, −2.00) | −17.3 (−29.7, −4.8) | .008 | 3.66 (−4.44, 11.8) | −7.89 (−16.9, 1.13) | −11.6 (−0.58, 23.7) | .06 |
Note: CRP = C-reactive protein; VAT = Visceral adipose tissue.
*Point estimates, 95% confidence intervals and p-values extracted from 2 × 2 factorial design using mixed model framework. Models were adjusted for baseline values and diabetes status.