Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants After Application of Applied Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting
| MDD | HC | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample 1 | HCMV− | HCMV+ | P a | SMDb | HCMV− | HCMV+ | P a | SMDb |
| n (weighted population) | 78 (75.17) | 101 (101.84) | 26 (20.67) | 15 (9.70) | ||||
| Age (mean (SD)) | 35.40 (11.08) | 36.03 (11.02) | 0.73 | 0.06 | 33.11 (11.35) | 30.46 (10.47) | 0.55 | 0.24 |
| Sex (Male (%)) | 23.9 (31.8) | 31.7 (31.1) | 0.93 | 0.02 | 9.7 (47.0) | 4.8 (49.5) | 0.90 | 0.05 |
| BMI (mean (SD)) | 28.89 (5.57) | 29.01 (5.37) | 0.89 | 0.02 | 26.76 (6.07) | 28.82 (4.69) | 0.27 | 0.38 |
| Education (mean (SD))c | 6.53 (1.44) | 6.45 (1.75) | 0.76 | 0.05 | 7.02 (1.48) | 5.77 (1.01) | <0.01 | 0.99 |
| Income (mean (SD))d | $50,330 ($67,542) | $45,371 ($39,029) | 0.51 | 0.09 | $58,016 ($35,822) | $58,486 ($36,757) | 0.97 | 0.01 |
| Depression severity (mean (SD))e | 61.03 (7.10) | 61.00 (7.52) | 0.98 | 0.00 | 44.22 (6.11) | 41.31 (6.76) | 0.28 | 0.45 |
| Anxiety severity (mean (SD))f | 62.64 (6.90) | 62.59 (6.31) | 0.96 | 0.01 | 46.48 (8.16) | 44.01 (6.80) | 0.38 | 0.33 |
| Number of episodes (mean (SD))g | 4.27 (3.48) | 4.39 (3.49) | 0.83 | 0.04 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | NA | 0.00 |
| Un-medicated (%)h | 21.7 (28.8) | 27.7 (27.2) | 0.83 | 0.04 | 20.7 (100.0) | 9.7 (100.0) | NA | 0.00 |
| CTQ (mean (SD))i | 47.95 (17.06) | 49.25 (21.62) | 0.67 | 0.07 | 31.54 (6.96) | 33.68 (11.79) | 0.50 | 0.22 |
| Alcohol use (mean (SD))j | 5.22 (2.35) | 5.22 (2.62) | 1.00 | 0.00 | 4.30 (2.82) | 3.61 (2.78) | 0.57 | 0.25 |
| HCMV IgG level (mean (SD))k | 0.97 (0.15) | 2.74 (0.61) | <0.001 | 3.96 | 0.97 (0.17) | 2.44 (0.68) | <0.001 | 2.99 |
| CRP (mean (SD))l | 0.53 (1.42) | 0.74 (1.45) | 0.35 | 0.15 | −0.34 (1.25) | −0.05 (1.17) | 0.46 | 0.24 |
| Sample 2 | ||||||||
| n (weighted population) | 67 (66.6) | 57 (57.1) | 79 (79.21) | 69 (68.47) | ||||
| Age (mean (SD)) | 36.04 (11.09) | 35.36 (10.59) | 0.76 | 0.06 | 31.76 (10.69) | 32.06 (9.66) | 0.86 | 0.03 |
| Sex (Male (%)) | 15.3(23.0) | 13.3(23.3) | 0.98 | 0.01 | 23.0(29.0) | 19.3(28.2) | 0.92 | 0.02 |
| BMI (mean (SD)) | 27.77 (6.09) | 28.25 (6.57) | 0.72 | 0.08 | 26.95 (6.06) | 26.90 (5.72) | 0.97 | 0.01 |
| Education (mean (SD))b | 5.34 (0.89) | 5.32 (0.85) | 0.89 | 0.03 | 5.36 (0.81) | 5.37 (0.87) | 0.93 | 0.02 |
| Depression severity (mean (SD))m | 17.94 (11.98) | 18.06 (11.88) | 0.96 | 0.01 | 1.53 (2.11) | 1.36 (2.01) | 0.67 | 0.09 |
| Un-medicated (%)h | 44.4 (66.7) | 49.1 (69.2) | 0.78 | 0.05 | 79.2 (100.0) | 68.5 (100.0) | NA | 0.00 |
| CTQ (mean (SD))i | 51.19 (23.38) | 49.05 (20.84) | 0.69 | 0.10 | 32.83 (11.06) | 33.54 (13.66) | 0.74 | 0.06 |
| HCMV IgG level (mean (SD))k | 1.24 (0.15) | 2.95 (0.68) | <0.001 | 3.47 | 1.27 (0.16) | 2.73 (0.78) | <0.001 | 2.60 |
| CRP (mean (SD))l | 1.86 (0.85) | 1.95 (1.04) | 0.62 | 0.10 | 1.99 (1.07) | 1.89 (0.87) | 0.59 | 0.10 |
Abbreviations: MDD, major depressive disorder; HC, healthy control; HCMV, human cytomegalovirus; HCMV−, human cytomegalovirus seronegative; HCMV+, human cytomegalovirus seropositive; SMD, standardized mean difference; BMI, body mass index; CTQ, childhood trauma questionnaire; CRP, C-reactive protein.
Calculated using X2 test for categorical variables and 2-tailed t-test for continuous variables.
The standardized mean differences less than 0.1 reveals a negligible imbalance.
Measured by an ordered categories. Full categories sees Supplementary Table 4.
Annual household income.
PROMIS depression T score was used.
PROMI anxiety T score was used.
Measured by MINI interview. Subjects had over 10 episodes were treated as had 10 episodes.
Un-medicated defined as not taking antipsychotic medication.
Childhood trauma questionnaire total score was used.
Log-transformed lifetime alcohol usage were used. Data obtained from CDDR interview.
HCMV IgG level z score was used.
CRP concentration log transferred.
Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score was used.