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. 2021 May 21;12:3020. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23294-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 10 — a Schematic representation of human embryo. Cervical through coccygeal regions are labeled (C cervical, T thoracic, L lumbar, S sacral, Cx coccygeal). Primitive gut tube (blue) is shown in proximity to developing heart (pink) and spinal cord (red). Dotted circle represents the anatomic regions reflected in EMLO gastruloids and direction arrows indicate neural crest cell (NCC) migration. The anterior (A) and posterior (P) axis is shown. b Proposed model for neurogenesis, NCC migration and connectivity patterns in EMLOs including peripheral ganglion formation (green) and target innervation (top); proposed multi-lineage NCC behavior in EMLOs that parallels in vivo events²⁵ (bottom). Neuroectodermal NCCs are shown in three colors (blue, red, green) to denote separate lineages during fate-biased migration, such as for vagal, trunk, and cardiac NCCs. Later-stage enteric neurons arising from endoderm are denoted in pink and blue.