Table 2.
Treatment for coronavirus disease 2019.
| Unmatched patients | Propensity-score matched patients | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corticosteroid (N = 163) | Non-corticosteroid (N = 857) | p-value | Corticosteroid (N = 118) | Non-corticosteroid (N = 118) | p-value | |
| Corticosteroids for COVID-19 | ||||||
| Methylprednisolone | 144 (88.3) | – | 106 (89.8) | – | ||
| Starting dose | ||||||
| Median—mg/day | 80 | – | 80 | – | ||
| Minimum–Maximum—mg/day | 12–1000 | – | 12–1000 | – | ||
| Duration of administration—days | 11.0 [5.0, 16.0] | – | 11.0 [6.0, 15.8] | – | ||
| Oral prednisolone | 7 (4.3) | – | 5 (4.2) | – | ||
| Starting dose | ||||||
| Median—mg/day | 40 | – | 40 | – | ||
| Minimum–Maximum—mg/day | 30–80 | – | 30–55 | – | ||
| Duration of administration—days | 15.0 [12.5, 17.5] | – | 15.0 [15.0, 18.0] | – | ||
| Dexamethasone | 6 (3.7) | – | 1 (0.8%) | – | ||
| Starting dose | ||||||
| Median—mg/day | 16 | – | 80 | – | ||
| Minimum–Maximum—mg/day | 8–80 | – | – | – | ||
| Duration of administration—days | 9.0 [8.0, 10.0] | – | 20.0 | – | ||
| Others—no. (%) | 6 (3.7) | – | 6 (5.1%) | – | ||
| Non-steroidal treatment for COVID-19 | ||||||
| None—no. (%) | 1 (0.6) | 286 (33.4) | < 0.0001 | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 0.316 |
| Favipiravir—no. (%) | 98 (60.1) | 275 (32.1) | < 0.0001 | 73 (61.9) | 79 (66.9) | 0.415 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir—no. (%) | 6 (3.7) | 48 (5.6) | 0.316 | 5 (4.2) | 11 (9.3) | 0.12 |
| Chloroquine—no. (%) | 33 (20.2) | 108 (12.6) | 0.01 | 14 (11.9) | 18 (15.3) | 0.447 |
| Ciclesonide—no. (%) | 35 (21.5) | 201 (23.5) | 0.582 | 22 (18.6) | 41 (34.7) | 0.005 |
| Tocilizumab—no. (%) | 6 (3.7) | 8 (0.9) | 0.006 | 3 (2.5) | 1 (0.8) | 0.313 |
| Macrolide—no. (%) | 114 (69.9) | 215 (25.1) | < 0.0001 | 81 (68.6) | 36 (30.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Immunoglobulin—no. (%) | 9 (5.5) | 14 (1.6) | 0.002 | 8 (6.8) | 6 (5.1) | 0.582 |
| Others—no. (%) | 102 (62.6) | 166 (19.4) | < 0.0001 | 80 (67.8) | 30 (25.4) | < 0.0001 |
Unmatched patients refer to the total of 1020 enrolled patients (163 patients who received early corticosteroids for COVID-19 and 857 patients who did not receive systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19) subject to propensity score matching in this study. Categorical variables were presented as numbers (%), and compared using the chi square test. Continuous variables related to time were presented as median [interquartile ranges] and compared using the t test. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.