Table 2.
Comparisons of vital signs, laboratory indices, and radiographic findings across the four groups.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 108) | Group 1 (n = 27) | Group 2 (n = 28) | Group 3 (n = 27) | Group 4 (n = 26) | H/χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (°C) | 36.50 (36.33–36.80) | 36.60 (36.30–36.80) | 36.60 (36.40–37.00) | 36.50 (36.30–37.00) | 36.50 (36.38–36.63) | 3.576 | 0.311 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 90.0 (78.3–102.8) | 96.0 (83.0–104.0) | 89.5 (77.8–96.0) | 84.0 (76.0–96.0) | 90.0 (81.3–105.3) | 3.491 | 0.322 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 129.0 (118.3–140.0) | 126.0 (114.0–135.0) | 128.0 (114.5–143.3) | 124.0 (116.0–140.0) | 135.0 (123.3–150.0) | 6.675 | 0.083 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 80.0 (73.0–89.8) | 81.0 (75.0–90.0) | 75.5 (71.0–84.8) | 78.0 (70.0–90.0) | 82.5 (74.8–90.3) | 4.990 | 0.173 |
| SPO2 (%) | 98.0 (96.0–98.8) | 98.0 (97.0–99.0)a | 96.5 (94.3–98.0)ac | 97.0 (96.0–98.0) | 98.0 (97.0–99.0)c | 11.642 | 0.009* |
| WBC (× 109/L) | 5.88 (4.34–7.55) | 4.58 (4.02–5.90)de | 6.60 (3.60–7.85) | 6.45 (4.86–7.75)d | 6.13 (5.49–8.03)e | 13.049 | 0.005* |
| Lymphocyte count (× 109/L) | 1.26 (0.84–1.79) | 1.17 (0.86–1.66) | 1.12 (0.69–1.42)c | 1.30 (0.81–1.80) | 1.75 (1.26–2.16)c | 12.529 | 0.006* |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 129.0 (116.3–139.0) | 130.0 (120.0–149.0) | 128.0 (120.0–138.5) | 129.0 (110.0–138.0) | 128.0 (117.0–142.3) | 1.813 | 0.612 |
| PLT (× 109/L) | 209.5 (166.8–264.0) | 188.0 (156.0–217.0)d | 218.0 (147.3–280.3) | 256.0 (185.0–360.0)d | 201.5 (182.5–248.3) | 9.402 | 0.024* |
| CRP (mg/L) | 10.75 (1.53–49.73) | 12.70 (0.90–48.00)e | 34.45 (6.63–64.93)c | 29.00 (3.90–55.60)f | 1.85 (0.50–4.10)cef | 19.885 | 0.000* |
| Troponin I (pg/mL) | 4.90 (1.90–10.53) | 1.90 (1.90–8.80)a | 10.25 (6.75–15.63)ac | 5.30 (1.90–11.7) | 1.90 (1.90–3.55)c | 23.567 | 0.000* |
| Albumin (g/L) | 39.00 (33.42–42.85) | 40.70 (36.60–43.50)a | 34.15 (32.15–40.35)ac | 34.80 (30.90–41.40)f | 42.55 (39.98–44.63)cf | 21.316 | 0.000* |
| ALT (U/L) | 24.00 (14.00–37.00) | 22.00 (13.00–36.00) | 24.50 (14.00–34.25) | 24.00 (18.00–34.00) | 23.50 (13.00–51.25) | 0.881 | 0.830 |
| AST (U/L) | 22.50 (16.25–35.50) | 26.00 (17.00–33.00) | 23.50 (19.00–43.75) | 20.00 (14.00–41.00) | 20.00 (14.75–30.25) | 3.106 | 0.376 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 4.40 (3.40–5.68) | 4.40 (3.10–5.40) | 4.60 (3.20–5.65) | 4.00 (3.20–5.60) | 4.70 (3.68–5.83) | 1.821 | 0.610 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 70.00 (55.25–87.75) | 64.0 (54.0–83.0) | 77.5 (55.0–96.25) | 70.0 (57.0–87.00) | 69.00 (54.50–83.25) | 2.252 | 0.522 |
| LDH (U/L) | 206.50 (169.25–291.25) | 204.0 (187.0–246.0) | 267.0 (235.0–351.25)c | 224.0 (153.0–342.0) | 174.00 (157.00–195.75)c | 21.496 | 0.000* |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.07 (3.78–4.32) | 3.93 (3.80–4.19) | 3.76 (3.49–4.23)c | 4.15 (3.98–4.32) | 4.21 (4.03–4.47)c | 14.211 | 0.003* |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.10 (136.63–140.68) | 138.9 (136.6–140.80) | 138.7 (136.03–139.90) | 139.2 (136.7–142.40) | 139.55 (136.82–140.53) | 2.032 | 0.566 |
| Chlorine (mmol/L) | 100.85 (98.23–103.00) | 99.70 (97.4–102.9) | 99.0 (96.1–102.1)b | 102.6 (99.3–104.7)b | 100.95 (99.40–102.83) | 9.523 | 0.023* |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.16 (2.07–2.22) | 2.16 (2.06–2.21) | 2.12 (2.03–2.20)c | 2.13 (2.03–2.18)f | 2.22 (2.15–2.29)cf | 12.471 | 0.006* |
| PT (s) | 13.70 (13.20–14.10) | 13.7 (13.2–14.2) | 13.75 (13.23–14.2)c | 14.10 (13.5–14.6)f | 13.20 (12.88–13.80)cf | 16.655 | 0.001* |
| APTT (s) | 37.70 (36.30–40.90) | 38.40 (36.50–43.80) | 37.95 (36.73–41.13) | 37.8 (35.10–40.60) | 37.15 (35.67–40.03) | 1.780 | 0.619 |
| TT (s) | 16.50 (15.83–17.30) | 16.50 (15.60–17.30) | 16.55 (16.05–17.90) | 16.70 (15.70–17.70) | 16.50 (15.85–17.12) | 1.034 | 0.793 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 4.14 (3.11–5.29) | 3.98 (3.06–4.94) | 5.05 (4.28–6.18)c | 4.39 (3.12–6.49)f | 3.30 (2.90–3.88)cf | 17.392 | 0.001* |
| D-dimer (ug/mL) | 0.40 (0.22–0.91) | 0.35 (0.22–0.64) | 0.61 (0.35–1.13)c | 0.48 (0.22–1.13)f | 0.22 (0.22–0.32)cf | 13.195 | 0.004* |
| Chest CT findings | |||||||
| Unilateral pneumonia | 55 (50.93) | 18 (66.67)a | 8 (28.57)ac | 11 (40.74) | 18 (69.23)c | 12.882 | 0.005 |
| Bilateral pneumonia | 53 (49.07) | 9 (33.33) | 20 (71.43) | 16 (59.26) | 8 (30.77) | ||
Data are shown as median (interquartile range) or n (%).
SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SPO2 pulse oximeter O2 saturation, WBC White blood cell, PLT platelet count, CRP C-reactive protein, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, LDH lactic dehydrogenase, PT prothrombin time, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, TT thrombin time, CT computed tomography.
P values were calculated by Kruskal–Wallis test, χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.
*Denoted P < 0.05 across the four groups.
a—Denoted adjusted P < 0.05 between group 1 and group 2.
b—Denoted adjusted P < 0.05 between group 2 and group 3.
c—Denoted adjusted P < 0.05 between group 2 and group 4.
d—Denoted adjusted P < 0.05 between group 1 and group 3.
e—Denoted adjusted P < 0.05 between group 1 and group 4.
f—Denoted adjusted P < 0.05 between group 3 and group 4.