Table 1.
Patient characteristics and the prevalence of vaping among adolescents in treatment for substance use disorders, overall and by patient characteristics.
| Study cohort (N=363) | Ever vaped nicotine and/or cannabis (N=246) | Current nicotine vaping (N=180) | Current cannabis vaping (N=184) | Any current vaping (nicotine and/or cannabis) (N=217) | Current vaping of both nicotine and cannabis (N=147) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | N (column %) | N (row %) | P valuea | N (row%) | P valuea | N (row %) | P valuea | N (row %) | P valuea | N (row %) | P valuea | ||
| Overall | 363 (100.0%) | 246 (67.8%) | 180 (49.6%) | 184 (50.7%) | 217 (59.8%) | 147 (40.5%) | |||||||
| Sex | .24 | .91 | .17 | .08 | .78 | ||||||||
| Female | 124 (34.2%) | 89 (71.8%) | 62 (50.0%) | 69 (55.6%) | 82 (66.1%) | 49 (39.5%) | |||||||
| Male | 239 (65.8%) | 157 (65.7%) | 118 (49.4%) | 115 (48.1%) | 135 (56.5%) | 98 (41.0%) | |||||||
| Age | .63 | .48 | .65 | .39 | .76 | ||||||||
| 12–15 | 164 (45.2%) | 109 (66.5%) | 78 (47.6%) | 81 (49.4%) | 94 (57.3%) | 65 (39.6%) | |||||||
| 16–17 | 199 (54.8%) | 137 (68.8%) | 102 (51.3%) | 103 (51.8%) | 123 (61.8%) | 82 (41.2%) | |||||||
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 46 (12.7%) | 36 (78.3%) | 30 (65.2%) | 30 (65.2%) | 32 (69.6%) | 28 (60.9%) | |||||||
| Black | 34 (9.4%) | 14 (41.2%) | 2 (5.9%) | 10 (29.4%) | 10 (29.4%) | 2 (5.9%) | |||||||
| Hispanic | 95 (26.2%) | 58 (61.1%) | 45 (47.4%) | 42 (44.2%) | 53 (55.8%) | 34 (35.8%) | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 166 (45.7%) | 125 (75.3%) | 94 (56.6%) | 96 (57.8%) | 111 (66.9%) | 79 (47.6%) | |||||||
| Other/unknown | 22 (6.1%) | 13 (59.1%) | 9 (40.9%) | 6 (27.3%) | 11 (50.0%) | 4 (18.2%) | |||||||
| Geocoded median household incomeb | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||||
| <$80K | 122 (33.6%) | 64 (52.5%) | 33 (27.0%) | 37 (30.3%) | 49 (40.2%) | 21 (17.2%) | |||||||
| $80K–120K | 125 (34.4%) | 86 (68.8%) | 63 (50.4%) | 63 (50.4%) | 76 (60.8%) | 50 (40.0%) | |||||||
| >$120K+ | 115 (31.7%) | 96 (83.5%) | 84 (73.0%) | 84 (73.0%) | 92 (80.0%) | 76 (66.1%) | |||||||
| Alcohol use disorder | .13 | .03 | .55 | .10 | .23 | ||||||||
| Yes | 59 (16.3%) | 45 (76.3%) | 37 (62.7%) | 32 (54.2%) | 41 (69.5%) | 28 (47.5%) | |||||||
| No | 304 (83.7%) | 201 (66.1%) | 143 (47.0%) | 152 (50.0%) | 176 (57.9%) | 119 (39.1%) | |||||||
| Cannabis use disorder | .07 | .08 | .21 | .09 | .16 | ||||||||
| Yes | 240 (66.1%) | 155 (64.6%) | 111 (46.3%) | 116 (48.3%) | 136 (56.7%) | 91 (37.9%) | |||||||
| No | 123 (33.9%) | 91 (74.0%) | 69 (56.1%) | 68 (55.3%) | 81 (65.9%) | 56 (45.5%) | |||||||
| Other substance use disorderc | .27 | .04 | .21 | .16 | .05 | ||||||||
| Yes | 51 (14.0%) | 38 (74.5%) | 32 (62.7%) | 30 (58.8%) | 35 (68.6%) | 27 (52.9%) | |||||||
| No | 312 (86.0%) | 208 (66.7%) | 148 (47.4%) | 154 (49.4%) | 182 (58.3%) | 120 (38.5%) | |||||||
| Depressive disorder | .32 | .51 | .59 | .37 | .75 | ||||||||
| Yes | 147 (40.5%) | 104 (70.7%) | 76 (51.7%) | 77 (52.4%) | 92 (62.6%) | 61 (41.5%) | |||||||
| No | 216 (59.5%) | 142 (65.7%) | 104 (48.1%) | 107 (49.5%) | 125 (57.9%) | 86 (39.8%) | |||||||
| Anxiety disorder | .65 | .66 | .89 | .49 | .92 | ||||||||
| Yes | 127 (35.0%) | 88 (69.3%) | 65 (51.2%) | 65 (51.2%) | 79 (62.2%) | 51 (40.2%) | |||||||
| No | 236 (65.0%) | 158 (66.9%) | 115 (48.7%) | 119 (50.4%) | 138 (58.5%) | 96 (40.7%) | |||||||
| Current smoker | .05 | .36 | .71 | .20 | .97 | ||||||||
| Yes | 22 (6.1%) | 19 (86.4%) | 13 (59.1%) | 12 (54.5%) | 16 (72.7%) | 9 (40.9%) | |||||||
| No | 341 (93.9%) | 227 (66.6%) | 167 (49.0%) | 172 (50.4%) | 201 (58.9%) | 138 (40.5%) | |||||||
| Ever blunt use | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||||
| Yes | 70 (19.3%) | 27 (38.6%) | 16 (22.9%) | 9 (12.9%) | 18 (25.7%) | 7 (10.0%) | |||||||
| No | 293 (80.7%) | 219 (74.7%) | 164 (56.0%) | 175 (59.7%) | 199 (67.9%) | 140 (47.8%) | |||||||
| Most friends get drunk/highb | .005 | .01 | <.001 | .01 | <.001 | ||||||||
| Yes | 270 (74.4%) | 194 (71.9%) | 145 (53.7%) | 152 (56.3%) | 173 (64.1%) | 124 (45.9%) | |||||||
| No | 88 (24.2%) | 49 (55.7%) | 34 (38.6%) | 31 (35.2%) | 43 (48.9%) | 22 (25.0%) | |||||||
| Substance of choice = cannabis | .98 | .16 | .15 | .69 | .66 | ||||||||
| Yesd | 310 (85.4%) | 210 (67.7%) | 149 (48.1%) | 162 (52.3%) | 184 (59.4%) | 127 (41.0%) | |||||||
| No | 53 (14.6%) | 36 (67.9%) | 31 (58.5%) | 22 (41.5%) | 33 (62.3%) | 20 (37.7%) | |||||||
| Intake year | .005 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||||
| 2017 | 60 (16.5%) | 30 (50.0%) | 17 (28.3%) | 16 (26.7%) | 23 (38.3%) | 10 (16.7%) | |||||||
| 2018 | 105 (28.9%) | 74 (70.5%) | 61 (58.1%) | 61 (58.1%) | 70 (66.7%) | 52 (49.5%) | |||||||
| 2019 | 198 (54.5%) | 142 (71.7%) | 102 (51.5%) | 107 (54.0%) | 124 (62.6%) | 85 (42.9%) | |||||||
a
Χ2 test P values; bold indicates p <.05
b
One patient was missing income information, and five patients were missing information for friends’ substance use.
c
Other substance use disorders included disorders related to opioids; sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics; cocaine; other stimulants; hallucinogens; inhalants; or other psychoactive substances; ICD-10 codes F11, F13–F16, and F18–F19 were used, excluding “in remission” codes.
d
Some patients listed substances in addition to cannabis.