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. 2021 May 22;21:487. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06453-w

Table 4.

Distribution of coding on the items concerning Dutch language proficiency in percentages (Section B of the BelRAI Social Supplement: Civic Engagement)

Listening Speaking Reading Writing
n 733 736 735 734
Range 0–5 0–5 0–5 0–5
Mean (SD) 4.56 (1.03) 4.47 (1.13) 4.10 (1.56) 3.79 (1.74)
Skewness coefficient -2.69 -2.33 -1.55 -1.06
A1 Beginner 2 2 7 9
A2 Elementary 2 2 4 6
B1 Intermediate 3 4 7 11
B2 Upper intermediate 6 8 9 8
C1 Advanced 8 7 5 4
C2 Near-native speaker 80 77 70 62