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. 2021 Feb 13;42(20):1959–1971. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1108

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Forest plot showing causal effect estimates from a Mendelian randomization analysis of putative risk factors on SSS. We regressed published effects of SNPs on the respective exposure phenotype against their SSS effects in deCODE, CHB-CVS/DBDS, and the UK Biobank. The causal estimates are the slopes from the regression lines where a one unit change in the exposure phenotypes equals a one standard deviation change for quantitative traits and an odds ratio of 2.7 for binary exposure phenotypes. The forest plot shows the causal estimates, 95% confidence intervals, and corresponding P-values from the Mendelian randomization analysis. *For height, the result from a multivariate analysis accounting for AF effects is shown.