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. 2021 May 21;9:119. doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01064-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — The taxonomic diversity and specificity of hGMB. a The taxonomic cladogram displaying the taxonomic diversity of hGMB. The nodes of 102 newly characterized species, 28 novel genus and 3 novel family are indicated in red. The background is color-coded according to 6 phyla, yellow: Firmicutes, green: Bacteroides, red: Proteobacteria, blue: Actinobacteria, gray: Fusobacteria, purple: Verrucomicrobia. The outer ring (the coral red pointers) shows the unique 138 species that are solely covered by hGMB. b The taxonomic diversity of gut microbes from different gut microbial collections. hGMB (this study): a human gut microbial culture collection constructed in this study contains 400 species with 102 novel taxa; SPORE [23]: a human gut microbial culture collection constructed in 2016 comprises 121 species including 68 novel-taxon candidates; BIO-ML [21]: a human gut microbial culture collection constructed in 2019 comprises 106 species with 20 novel-taxon candidates; Culturomics [25]: the culturomics study of human gut microbes in 2016 reveal the discovery of 1056 species including 247 novel taxa, of which 117 were still novel-taxon candidates by the time of manuscript preparation; CGR [20]: a human gut microbial culture collection constructed in 2019 comprises 319 species determined based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence clustering at identity of 98.7%, of which 141 taxa are novel-taxon candidates; HBC [24]: a human gut microbial culture collection constructed in 2019 contains 236 species with 100 novel-taxon candidates. c The Venn diagram displaying the unique and shared taxa in each study. The numbers of taxa uniquely in one collection or shared by different studies are labeled in the panel. d Summary of novel taxa claimed by 1 or more than 1 study. Numbers in the bar represent the number of novel taxa. Note: The taxonomic diversity of each previously published study compared in panel b and c was re-mined and summarized as described in “Methods,” and by the time of this writing, all the mentioned “novel-taxon candidates” are never described