Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics.
| Characteristic | Total (N = 303) | With VC (n = 65) | Without VC (n = 238) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical | ||||
| Age (years) | 80 ± 8.8 | 80 ± 7.7 | 80 ± 9.0 | 0.76 |
| Female [n (%)] | 127 (49) | 28 (57) | 111 (47) | 0.14 |
| White Race [n (%)] | 206 (86) | 57 (88) | 206 (86) | 0.84 |
| Diabetic [n (%)] | 101 (33) | 14 (21) | 87 (37) | 0.02 |
| On a Statin [n (%)] | 189 (62) | 44 (68) | 145 (60) | 0.52 |
| Tortuosity Present [n (%)] | 124 (41) | 28 (43) | 96 (40) | 0.69 |
| Femoral Calcification [n (%)] | 150 (50) | 38 (58) | 112 (47) | 0.10 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29 ± 6.9 | 29 ± 7.2 | 29 ± 6.8 | 0.48 |
| Creatinine Clearance (ml/min) | 42 ± 17 | 42 ± 16 | 41 ± 17 | 0.73 |
| History of CAD [n (%)] | 174 (57) | 45 (69) | 129 (54) | 0.02 |
| Prior MI [n (%)] | 103 (34) | 28 (43) | 75 (31) | 0.08 |
| History of PVD [n (%)] | 86 (28) | 20 (31) | 66 (28) | 0.63 |
| Prior CABG [n (%)] | 56 (18) | 14 (21) | 56 (18) | 0.47 |
| Prior CVA [n (%)] | 46 (15) | 12 (18) | 34 (14) | 0.40 |
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 301 (99) | 64 (98) | 237 (99) | 0.38 |
| History of COPD [n (%)] | 61 (20) | 14 (21) | 47 (20) | 0.75 |
| Average LVEF | 55 ± 13 | 55 ± 12 | 55 ± 13 | 0.90 |
| Median LOS (days) | 3 (Q1: 3, Q3: 5) | 4 (Q1: 3, Q3: 5) | 3 (Q1: 3, Q3: 4) | 0.09 |
| STS score (%) | 5.8 ± 3.8 | 5.6 ± 4.2 | 5.9 ± 3.6 | 0.61 |
| In-Hospital Mortality [n (%)] | 8 (2.6) | 8 (12) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0001 |
| Procedural/CT angiographic | ||||
| Valve Type [n (%)] | ||||
| Edwards | 136 (45) | 31 (48) | 105 (44) | – |
| Medtronic | 163 (54) | 34 (52) | 129 (54) | – |
| Other | 4 (1.3) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (1.7) | 0.53 |
| Sheath size (French) | 14 (14, 16) | 16 (14, 18) | 14 (14, 16) | 0.17 |
| CFA MLD (mm) | 7.6 (7.5, 8) | 7.3 (7.1, 8) | 7.6 (7.5, 8) | 0.09 |
| EIA MLD (mm) | 7.6 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 0.01 |
| SEIAR | 0.70 ± 0.14 | 0.76 ± 0.16 | 0.68 ± 0.13 | 0.0003 |
| SFAR | 0.72 ± 0.45 | 0.74 ± 0.15 | 0.72 ± 0.50 | 0.03 |
| CFA calcification [n (%)] | 50% | 58% | 47% | 0.10 |
| Tortuosity present [n (%)] | 41% | 43% | 40% | 0.69 |
| Depth of CFA (mm) | 46 ± 20 | 45 ± 21 | 46 ± 20 | 0.31 |
| Number of percloses | 2.2 ± 0.69 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 0.40 | 0.0001 |
| Post procedure % stenosis | 8.9% | 34% | 2.1% | 0.0001 |
| CFA calcification (degree and location) | ||||
| Max Arc [n (%)] | n = 143 | n = 38 | n = 112 | |
| 30° | 43 (29) | 12 (32) | 31 (28) | – |
| 60° | 21 (14) | 8 (21) | 13 (12) | – |
| 90° | 40 (27) | 6 (16) | 34 (30) | – |
| 180° | 39 (26) | 11 (29) | 28 (25) | – |
| 200° | 1 (0.67) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.89) | – |
| 270° | 6 (4.0) | 1 (2.6) | 5 (4.5) | 0.4010 |
| Location [n (%)] | n = 150 | n = 39 | n = 112 | |
| Anteriomedial | 2 (1.3) | 2 (5.1) | 0 (0.00) | – |
| Anterior | 5 (3.3) | 1 (2.6) | 4 (3.6) | – |
| Lateral | 14 (9.3) | 2 (5.1) | 12 (11) | – |
| Posterolateral | 3 (2.0) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (1.8) | – |
| Medial | 70 (47) | 19 (49) | 51 (46) | – |
| Posteromedial | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | – |
| Posterior | 55 (37) | 13 (33) | 42 (38) | 0.2755 |
Abbreviations: VC: Vascular complication; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; MI: myocardial infarction; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; CABG: coronary artery bypass surgery; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LOS: length of hospital stay; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgery; CFA: common femoral artery; EIA: external iliac artery; SEIAR: sheath to external iliac artery ratio; SFAR: sheath to femoral artery ratio.
*
P value for comparisons between patients with any vascular complication and those without.