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. 2021 Mar 22;23(108):1–10. doi: 10.4103/nah.NAH_1_20

Table 3.

Prevalence odds ratios (PORs) and 95% confidence intervals of having eight or more headache days a month in the past three months for those expressing traffic noise-annoyance or insomnia

Predictor variable N POR 95% confidence intervals




Lower limit Upper limit
Day-time noise-annoyancea 2715 0.97 0.54 1.72
Night-time noise-annoyancea 2716 1.10 0.58 2.09
Insomniab 3011 2.12 1.08 4.15

aAnswered with any of the following: somewhat, moderately, strongly, or extremely annoyed.b Difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep, or early arousal on at least two nights a week during the past four weeks.